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This briefing analyzes the political structure of Angola between 2008 and 2010, arguing that the state operates through two parallel ruling structures: a formal government led by the MPLA and a more resilient 'shadow' government controlled by the presidency. The author examines how President José Eduardo Dos Santos uses this dual system, supported by the national oil company Sonangol, to maintain power, manage patronage, and marginalize potential rivals within the party and the state.

A budget vote speech delivered by Minister Shabangu on 2 June 2011, outlining the Department of Mineral Resources' budget for the 2011/12 financial year, regulatory reforms to the MPRDA and Mine Health and Safety Act, the launch of a state-owned mining company, and specific environmental interventions regarding the Karoo and derelict mines.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute provides employment estimates for the United States energy efficiency and renewable energy sectors, detailing direct, indirect, and induced jobs across wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass industries.

A study conducted in the Marina catchment area of Singapore from April 2007 to March 2008 analyzed the deposition fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in aerosols and rainwater, finding that wet deposition dominated N species while dry deposition dominated P species.

This research paper examines the challenges of using vulnerability as a criterion for allocating adaptation finance, noting that science alone cannot provide a single objective ranking. It analyzes the Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA), the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR), and the Adaptation Fund, finding that while all three use vulnerability for prioritization, their criteria vary and are influenced by political factors, presenting a continuing challenge for the Green Climate Fund (GCF).

This document outlines critical methodological choices and assumptions in the empirical research and modeling used to evaluate the socio-economic impacts, costs, and benefits of climate mitigation and adaptation policies.

This research paper explores the factors influencing whether climate adaptation investments are implemented within the water services sector, noting that while a 2007 investigation urged immediate action, uncertainty regarding the timing of climate consequences and competing municipal priorities persist.

This research paper examines the necessity and challenges of integrating climate adaptation into development assistance in Mozambique, noting that while donor awareness and legislation are supportive, institutional capacity remains a significant barrier.

This report evaluates information tools used to reduce energy demand in existing residential buildings, specifically focusing on thermal retrofits in Germany and internationally. It categorizes tools into three groups: those that raise awareness of benefits (e.g., detailed billing, smart meters, local leadership programs), those that assist in planning and investment (e.g., energy audits, online tools), and those that train professionals (e.g., certification schemes). Key findings indicate that normative feedback in billing and peer-to-peer networks are cost-effective, while the effectiveness of smart meters depends heavily on user education. The report emphasizes that the quality and independence of professional advice are critical for homeowner trust and investment decisions.

This June 2011 fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute provides estimates for employment in the United States energy efficiency and renewable energy sectors, drawing on data from government agencies and industry associations.

This 2011 anniversary briefing by Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) outlines the organization's 40-year history, its evolution into a global federation of 76 national member groups, and its strategic approach to environmental and social justice. The document details FoEI's shift toward addressing systemic neoliberal economic drivers and its commitment to a 'mobilise, resist, transform' framework to combat climate change, deforestation, and corporate power.

This report, published by Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) in June 2011, commemorates the organization's 40th anniversary. It outlines FoEI's history, its evolution into a global federation of 76 member groups with over two million supporters, and its strategic focus on resisting neoliberalism to achieve environmental and social justice.

This report marks the 40th anniversary of Friends of the Earth International (FoEI), detailing its evolution from a small group of activists into a global federation of 76 member groups with over 2 million members. It outlines the organization's mission to achieve environmental and social justice by resisting neoliberal economic models and promoting sustainable alternatives such as food sovereignty and climate justice.

The National Strategy for Water re-use, published by GreenCape in June 2011, outlines a framework for implementing water re-use projects in South Africa to address the country's water-stressed status. It defines various types of re-use, analyzes drivers such as cost and public perception, and identifies sector-specific needs in agriculture, industry, mining, and power generation. The strategy proposes a policy environment focused on clear guidelines, updated water quality standards, and the leveraging of private sector capacity to ensure sustainable water resource management.

The 2011 Scientific Program Report by the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) details the achievements of four scientific programs between May 2010 and April 2011. It focuses on the Cooperative Research Networks (CRN II), the Small Grants Program for Human Dimensions (SGP-HD), and an IDRC-funded project on land use in the Río de la Plata basin. The report emphasizes the integration of natural and social sciences to inform policy decisions regarding climate change, biodiversity, and water security across the Americas.

This research paper explores the technical and institutional challenges of establishing Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) systems for REDD+ in developing countries. It emphasizes the need for clear definitions of 'forest' and 'reference levels' (RL/REL), the utility of nested approaches to scale subnational efforts to national levels, and the critical role of capacity building and stakeholder involvement to ensure the credibility of carbon credits.

This report analyzes market trends and policy drivers within the international copper supply chain, specifically focusing on China's imports of copper scrap (Flow C) and primary copper mining products (Flow D). It examines the environmental and social impacts of these flows, the regulatory landscapes in key exporting and importing regions, and provides policy recommendations to improve sustainable development outcomes.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies examines the governance of climate finance in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It analyzes the imbalance between mitigation and adaptation funding, the dominance of private finance over public funds, and the role of regional development banks in shaping climate policy and investment in these regions.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) proposes a normative framework for the governance of climate finance in developing countries. Based on a 2010 civil society meeting in Cape Town and research across Africa, Asia, and Latin America, the document outlines priorities and principles to ensure that climate funding is just, effective, and driven by local developmental needs rather than donor priorities.

This research paper by Petrus de Kock for the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) examines the historical and contemporary drivers of conflict in Sudan, focusing on the relationship between the central state in Khartoum and its marginalised peripheries. Written in June 2011, the document analyzes how the struggle for both high-level resources (oil) and low-level subsistence resources (land and water) has shaped the country's political landscape, leading to two civil wars and the eventual independence of Southern Sudan in July 2011.