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This briefing provides guidance for financial actors, standard setters, and governments to drive the decarbonization of national oil companies (NOCs) to align with the 1.5°C target. It highlights the significant role NOCs play in global hydrocarbon production and the current lack of connection between their credit ratings and low-carbon transition plans.

The report defines carbon-neutral demonstration zones as tools for China's carbon-neutral transformation, proposing a planning methodology focused on zero-carbon industrial innovation and sharing best practices from the Meishan project.

An assessment by Ember comparing government-reported coal mine methane (CMM) emissions to independent studies, finding that actual emissions may be up to twice as high as reported to the UNFCCC.

This report by Ember outlines recommendations for reducing coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, emphasizing the need for direct measurement, satellite verification, and international financial support for low-income countries to align with 1.5 degrees Celsius climate goals.

This report by Ember analyzes the underreporting of coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, finding that global emissions may be up to twice as high as government figures reported to the UNFCCC. It highlights systemic failures in monitoring, noting that 97% of reported emissions rely on general emission factors rather than direct measurement, and recommends mandatory direct monitoring, satellite verification, and international support for low-income countries to mitigate this potent greenhouse gas.

This report finds that while CETP signatories have successfully restricted fossil fuel finance, they have failed to fully prioritize clean energy finance. Despite a potential for USD 28 billion in annual shifts, only USD 5.2 billion was moved into clean energy in the first year. The report notes that no high-income signatories have published fully aligned policies and recommends the adoption of quantitative targets and grant-based instruments to support a just energy transition.

This policy brief examines the safety and security risks at the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) during the Russian invasion of Ukraine and evaluates the international legal frameworks designed to protect nuclear installations during armed conflict.

The African Climate Foundation (ACF) issued a statement outlining its priorities for COP28, calling for equitable progress on the Global Stocktake, adaptation, finance, and loss and damage to ensure that climate actions do not exacerbate Africa's vulnerability or hinder its sustainable development.

This briefing, jointly produced by Oil Change International and the Center for International Environmental Law, argues that current and planned fossil fuel production is incompatible with temperature limits and calls for a just and equitable phase-out of fossil fuels at COP28.

This synthesis report analyzes how countries are advancing vertical integration—the creation of strategic linkages between national and sub-national governance levels—within National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes. Based on a review of NAP documents submitted to the UNFCCC's NAP Central as of July 2023, the report examines the roles of sub-national governments and non-state actors in the planning, implementation, and monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) stages of climate adaptation.

This research paper identifies three priority policy measures to transform food systems and improve nutritional outcomes while adapting to climate change, based on reviews of several countries in Eastern and Southern Africa.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development analyzes the role of the UNFCCC in addressing fossil fuel subsidies, specifically focusing on opportunities at COP 28 and beyond. It highlights the gap between government rhetoric and the record USD 1.3 trillion in subsidies provided in 2022, arguing that the UNFCCC can strengthen global commitments through clear deadlines, improved transparency in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and integration into climate finance discussions.

An open letter released by RMI and 10 other NGOs during COP28 calling for the urgent mobilization of transition finance to decarbonize high-emitting and hard-to-abate sectors. The document defines the characteristics of credible transition finance and provides specific calls to action for the financial sector, governments, and corporate issuers to overcome barriers such as greenwashing fears and high capital costs.

This research paper outlines four essential elements—impact, effectiveness, equity, and legitimacy—required for the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) framework to be successful at COP 28. It argues against rigid quantitative targets in favor of qualitative visions, emphasizes the necessity of including means of implementation (funding), and calls for the integration of gender and human rights data to ensure equitable adaptation progress.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative assesses the role of ten Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) in providing climate finance to cities in low- and middle-income countries (L&MICs). It argues that while MDBs have increased overall climate finance, urban-specific funding has plateaued and remains insufficient to meet the projected USD 29.4 trillion in climate-related opportunities in L&MIC urban areas by 2030. The document provides five key areas for MDB reform to better support urban climate action, including shifting from project-based to programmatic approaches, increasing direct financing to cities, and scaling risk-mitigation instruments to mobilize private capital.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development evaluates the economic and climate risks of developing licensed but untapped offshore gas reserves in Colombia, concluding that there is no justification for their development.

This paper by the NewClimate Institute provides an overview of positive shifts in international climate policy across five thematic areas: awareness and civil action, policy and governance, investors and business, and the energy and industry sectors. It argues that these shifts, driven by new actors and strategies, demonstrate that the goal of limiting global temperature increase to 1.5°C remains achievable.

This research paper outlines the strategic positioning of African countries and institutions ahead of COP28 in Dubai, emphasizing the role of the Nairobi Declaration and the African Union's Climate Change and Resilient Strategy and Action Plan (2022-2032) in driving the regional climate agenda.

This case study describes a partnership between the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) and the Estonian government to develop a unified methodology and emissions factor database for assessing the environmental and carbon footprints of the public sector.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute argues that the European Union is unprepared for cascading climate risks—where hazards in remote locations create knock-on effects across borders and systems—and provides 21 strategic recommendations to build systemic resilience.