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This report provides an overview of climate risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation initiatives in Nepal at national, sub-national, and local levels, highlighting the country's leadership in country-driven adaptation planning.

This report reviews climate change adaptation in Ghana, noting that while sectoral policies acknowledge risks like rising sea levels and temperature, they lack concrete actions. The National Climate Change Policy and National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy aim to fill this gap, with current projects focusing on the agricultural sector and the vulnerable northern regions. Future goals include strengthening the evidence base and capacity for sub-national and civil society actors.

This report provides an overview of climate risks, vulnerable sectors, and adaptation policies in Tajikistan, highlighting the country's high sensitivity to climate change and the government's efforts to enhance institutional capacity through the Strategic Program for Climate Resilience.

This case study investigates the obstacles to certifying sustainable alternative fuels (SAFs) for commercial aviation, identifying barriers related to indicator flexibility, market incentives, feedstock types, and auditor expertise.

This report assesses the financial sustainability of the electricity sector in Rajasthan, India, using the Financial Sustainability Electricity Sector (FSES) framework. It finds that while generation capacity and reliability have improved, distribution companies (discoms) face severe financial distress due to an inability to recover operating costs through tariffs, leading to high debt and a heavy reliance on state government fiscal transfers.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes coal phase-out experiences in California, Denmark, France, and Beijing to derive lessons for China's national energy transition. Using a "window of opportunity" framework, it examines how context, champions, concerns, and complementary policies drive the shift from coal to cleaner energy sources.

This briefing note details case study research on the role of financial services in climate risk management (CRM) within agricultural value chains, specifically examining the services provided by Centenary Bank to rice value chain actors in Eastern Uganda.

This briefing note examines the role of financial services in enabling climate risk management (CRM) along agricultural value chains, using a case study of Centenary Bank's services to rice value chain actors in Eastern Uganda. It highlights how climate hazards like floods and droughts impact all actors from producers to consumers and argues that tailored financial products and improved climate information are essential for building resilience.

This policy brief examines the legal complexities and risks associated with foreign investment in African farmland, specifically focusing on the often-overlooked issue of water rights. It highlights a systemic imbalance where foreign investors' statutory rights frequently override the customary water rights of local communities, exacerbated by poor state enforcement and restrictive investment contracts.

This briefing note proposes a framework of core functions for climate risk management (CRM) along agricultural value chains, specifically drawing on research regarding the rice value chain in Uganda. It is intended to guide development agencies in designing interventions and targeting investments to ensure value chains are resilient to climate hazards and changes.

This briefing from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) discusses the commitment of Canada and other G-7 nations to phase out fossil fuel subsidies by 2025. It introduces a series of notes aimed at identifying both production and consumption subsidies, beginning with an analysis of Ontario, where the removal of environmentally harmful subsidies is presented as a necessary step alongside the province's previous achievements in phasing out coal and pricing carbon.

This policy brief from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides recommendations for G20 countries to reform fossil fuel subsidies. It advocates for the use of voluntary peer review processes to increase transparency, the establishment of an ambitious and defined timetable for phasing out inefficient subsidies, and the implementation of targeted support to protect the poorest populations during the transition.

This study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development explores the potential for 'policy crediting'—crediting emission reductions resulting from policy actions—to enhance the impact of energy pricing reform and carbon pricing policies, particularly in developing countries.

This research paper provides a set of specific actions for Chinese policymakers to implement instruments and incentives for green bonds, with a primary focus on developing a green securitisation market capable of accessing international capital.

This research paper provides a roadmap to harmonize China's domestic green bond guidelines with international practices, focusing on four key segments: Green Definitions, Management of Proceeds, External Reviews and Assurance, and Reporting and Disclosure.

This text introduces an issue of UNEP's "Perspectives" series, featuring a discussion between Mark Halle and Felix Dodds on the role of civil society and Major Groups within the United Nations Environment Programme, specifically as a starting point for dialogue regarding the United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA).

This commentary argues that Sri Lanka should shift its energy investment from coal to a national solar energy program, drawing on the policy framework of the India Solar Mission 2022 to promote green growth and sustainable development.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the follow-up and review mechanisms for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It focuses on the High-level Political Forum (HLPF) as the central coordinating body, proposing a 'bottom-up' approach to accountability where information and peer learning drive policy change. The authors suggest improving the HLPF's effectiveness through better synthesis of vast reporting streams, the use of strategic annual themes to ensure holistic review, and the strengthening of national and regional review processes.

This briefing note examines the gendered impacts of petroleum and kerosene subsidy reform in Nigeria. It argues that without targeted compensation, reform may disproportionately harm women by increasing living costs, increasing reliance on biomass fuels (which impacts respiratory health), and reducing economic opportunities. The authors recommend a 'precautionary principle' to design compensation policies that specifically benefit women and suggest using subsidy savings to improve clean energy access.

The Migration and Conservation Toolkit is a guide designed to help conservation and development practitioners assess and manage the impacts of human migration on critical ecosystems, particularly in the Great Lakes region of Africa.