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This methodology appendix describes the linear regression models used to analyze PRONAF access among smallholder farmers in Brazil. Using 2017 Agricultural Census data, the research finds that cooperative membership and Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER) significantly increase the proportion of farmers accessing credit, while illiteracy had no significant effect.

This methodological appendix describes the quantitative models used to analyze access to the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) in Brazilian municipalities, using data from the 2017 Agricultural Census.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes barriers to accessing the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Pronaf) in Brazil. It identifies significant regional disparities in credit access, highlighting that technical assistance and rural extension (ATER) and membership in cooperatives are critical determinants for obtaining credit. The study emphasizes that while Pronaf is essential for financial resilience, it must be integrated with complementary public policies to enhance the productive and climate resilience of family farmers.

This report by Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-RIO) analyzes the financial architecture supporting agriculture in Brazil's Cerrado biome, with a specific focus on the MATOPIBA region. It evaluates the effectiveness of subsidized rural credit and emerging blended-finance instruments in aligning agricultural production with zero-deforestation and sustainability goals.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes agricultural financing in the Cerrado biome and the Matopiba region. It finds that while financial flows are significant, the current architecture fails to align with sustainability and zero-deforestation goals due to high concentration among large producers and institutions, limited scale of sustainable credit, and insufficient territorial coverage.

This methodology brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) details a four-pathway framework for tracking capital mobilization resulting from its support of innovative climate finance vehicles. The approach distinguishes between direct mobilization (capital flowing to vehicles) and indirect mobilization (capital flowing to end investees), aiming to provide a comprehensive view of how upstream technical assistance and grants catalyze downstream investment in climate mitigation and adaptation within emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs).

A research paper by the Climate Policy Initiative evaluating the integration of methane abatement into the transition plans of 10 leading banks and institutional investors, finding limited overall action and a significant gap in agrifood sector coverage.

This technical noteC note by Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-Rio analyzes a February 11, 2026, decision by the Tribunal Regional Federal da 4ª Região (TRF-4) regarding a legal conflict between the Atlantic Forest Law (LMA) and the Forest Code. The TRF-4 extinguished a public civil action without judging the merits, effectively maintaining the application of the Forest Code's 'consolidated areas' regime in Paraná and avoiding the immediate imposition of the more restrictive 1990 temporal milestone for environmental regularization.

The automotive industry is a major driver of India's economy, contributing 7% of GDP and supporting 37 million jobs. To address the transport sector's role as the third-largest GHG emitter, India is transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs) with a target of 30% EV sales share by 2030, supported by schemes like FAME and PM e-DRIVE.

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) details discussions held in Brasília and at COP30 in Belém regarding the scaling of productive restoration of degraded pastures in Brazil. It examines the role of blended finance, specific financial instruments designed to mitigate risk and support regenerative agriculture, and the necessity of integrating technical assistance with financial products to ensure environmental and economic viability.

This report by I&P Ecosystems, commissioned by the CC Facility Learning Hub, analyzes the role of blended finance in supporting impact funds under $100 million that operate at the intersection of gender and climate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Based on a sample of 46 nexus funds, the study finds that blended finance is systemic to the sector, with 86% of these funds utilizing at least one blended finance archetype to launch and operate. While essential for de-risking and scaling, the report identifies significant inequities in access, noting that larger debt funds capture the majority of concessional capital, while early-stage SME funds and first-time managers are often excluded from meaningful support beyond small design grants and technical assistance.

This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative, in collaboration with ForestAction-Nepal and the Southasia Institute of Advanced Studies, examines the barriers women-led enterprises (WLEs) in Nepal's agriculture and forestry sectors face when accessing climate finance. Based on a survey of 200 WLEs across 40 districts, the document highlights how gender-specific constraints, climate vulnerability, and a lack of formal financial access hinder the scalability of these enterprises.

This guide by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides a framework for climate finance practitioners to manage physical climate risks and design investments that enhance climate resilience. It outlines a three-goal process: assessing and managing climate risk to meet international standards, defining a clear adaptation investment thesis to secure funding, and designing impact measurement strategies to track resilience outcomes.

The Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA), supported by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and Promethium Carbon, has designed two financial instruments—a carbon credit-backed bond and a carbon repo facility—to address the supply-demand imbalance and liquidity challenges in South Africa's voluntary carbon market (VCM). These instruments aim to transform carbon credits into investable assets to mobilize private capital for climate mitigation projects.

The Uganda Development Bank (UDB) has designed a Currency Risk-Sharing Facility (CRSF) to scale up local-currency climate lending through its Climate Finance Facility (CFF). Developed via the FiCS Innovation Lab with technical support from the Climate Policy Initiative, the University of Leeds, and City St. George’s University of London, the CRSF aims to reduce foreign exchange (FX) exposure for UDB when borrowing in hard currencies (USD/EUR) and on-lending in Ugandan shillings (UGX). The instrument employs a layered risk-sharing approach, combining partial hedging with a tail-risk FX guarantee to protect against severe UGX depreciation while remaining more affordable than full hedging.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative, WRI India, and CEEW analyzes the financial and regulatory landscape for Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Indian cities. It identifies significant gaps in private sector investment, which currently accounts for only 10% of global NbS finance, and provides early recommendations to improve project bankability, diversify funding sources, and strengthen the enabling environment for urban climate resilience in India.

This technical brief outlines a strategic roadmap for Jharkhand's economic transition to align with India's net-zero goals, focusing on diversifying a mining-dependent economy through four high-potential green sectors to mitigate future revenue and employment losses.

This report analyzes the climate transition progress of 594 pension funds in OECD countries, representing USD 22.5 trillion in assets, using data from the Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT). It evaluates funds across targets, implementation, and impacts, finding that while target-setting is increasing, significant fossil fuel exposure remains, and progress is heavily dependent on mandatory regulatory frameworks.

This 2025 report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-Rio evaluates the implementation of Brazil's Forest Code (Law No. 12,651/2012), focusing on the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Compliance Program (PRA). It details federal governance improvements to the National Rural Environmental Registry System (SICAR), the impact of Supreme Court rulings on land management integration, and the uneven progress of CAR validation and PRA adoption across Brazilian states.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative outlines the use of hedging instruments—such as forwards, swaps, and options—to mitigate foreign exchange (FX) risk for projects with hard-currency debt, particularly in clean energy, transport, resilient infrastructure, and agriculture.