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This 2015 research paper argues that removing fossil-fuel subsidies could reduce global GHG emissions by 6-13% by 2050, though this potential is maximized when combined with binding emission caps and investments in low-carbon infrastructure. It provides a roadmap for countries to integrate subsidy reform into their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and other UNFCCC processes to unlock government savings and accelerate the energy transition.

The SEI Initiative on Fossil Fuels and Climate Change, launched in January 2015, aims to research and influence the supply side of fossil fuel development to align with a 2°C global warming limit. The initiative focuses on the emissions implications of infrastructure, the political economy of extraction, and the role of international governance. It utilizes case studies in Colombia, South Africa, Indonesia, Norway, and the U.S. to explore the transition away from fossil fuel dependence.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) presented a vision to the Arctic Council's Sustainable Development Working Group on March 1, 2015, advocating for the acceleration of renewable energy deployment in the Arctic through the removal of fossil fuel subsidies and the implementation of clear long-term policy targets.

This research paper examines legal gaps in the international criminal justice system, specifically regarding the obligation of states to exercise national jurisdiction and the lack of a horizontal framework for interstate cooperation. It assesses two intergovernmental initiatives—the International Law Commission (ILC) study on crimes against humanity and the Belgium, Slovenia, and Netherlands (BSN) initiative—aimed at enhancing complementarity by establishing conventions for mutual legal assistance and the obligation to prosecute or extradite.

This fact sheet describes the 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production (10YFP) Programme on Sustainable Lifestyles and Education (SLE). The programme aims to foster the uptake of sustainable lifestyles as a common norm to address global challenges such as climate change, resource efficiency, and biodiversity conservation through multi-stakeholder cooperation and education.

This technical report by ECOFYS for the World Resources Institute analyzes the potential for energy efficiency and renewable energy to reduce the European Union's dependence on natural gas imports by 2030. It examines the buildings, industry, and energy supply sectors, comparing a business-as-usual scenario with the EU's 2030 framework and a more ambitious 'Energy Independence 2030' scenario.

This report outlines a strategy to halve the European Union's dependence on imported natural gas by 2030 through cost-effective energy efficiency measures and accelerated renewable energy deployment. By targeting the buildings, industry, and energy production sectors, the EU could reduce its net natural gas imports by more than half and decrease greenhouse gas emissions by 49% relative to 1990 levels, exceeding the targets set in the EU's 2030 Framework.

The New York Declaration on Forests Action Agenda (2014) outlines a comprehensive framework for governments, companies, indigenous peoples, and multilateral institutions to slow, halt, and reverse global forest loss. It details a 'menu of key actions' for various stakeholders and reports a surge in zero-deforestation commitments from global commodity traders and consumer goods companies, alongside national pledges for forest restoration and the protection of indigenous lands.

This report, authored by Jessica Robinson of the Asia Sustainable Investment Association (ASrIA) for the 'Greening China's Financial Markets' project, examines how policy and regulatory innovations can incentivize the investment industry to integrate sustainability, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into their strategies. It identifies systemic barriers such as 'short-termism' and a lack of standardized data, and proposes solutions including the reform of compensation structures, the implementation of carbon pricing, and the use of green investment banks to mobilize private capital for a low-carbon transition.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that national economic decision-making is overly reliant on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and fails to adequately measure 'natural capital' and 'inclusive wealth'. The author contends that shifting focus toward a portfolio of produced, financial, natural, human, and social assets would promote long-term sustainability and better integrate economic, environmental, and social development goals.

This guide, published by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) in November 2013, provides a synopsis of key climate finance discussions and deliverables for negotiators attending the 19th Conference of Parties (COP19) in Warsaw. It outlines the progress of the Work Programme on Long-Term Finance, the activities of the Standing Committee on Finance, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund, and the financial challenges facing the Adaptation Fund.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International details the impacts of palm oil plantations developed by the Malaysian company Sime Darby in Liberia. It alleges that the company's land concessions violate Liberian laws and international human rights principles, leading to land grabs, deforestation, and the loss of local livelihoods. The document also identifies European financial institutions providing funding to Sime Darby and calls for the renegotiation of contracts to ensure community consent and environmental protection.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law analyzes the human rights implications of the 'Doha Gateway' decisions from the UNFCCC 18th Conference of the Parties. It argues that while the decisions do not explicitly reference human rights, the outcomes regarding mitigation ambition, loss and damage, REDD+, the Clean Development Mechanism, public participation, and gender have significant impacts on vulnerable populations.

This research paper examines why South Africa is a founding member of the Open Government Partnership (OGP) but remains absent from the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). The author argues that South Africa's reliance on general domestic transparency laws is insufficient for the specific needs of the extractive sector and suggests that the government's reluctance is tied to geopolitical perceptions of double standards between the global North and South.

This policy briefing analyzes the proposed corporate governance framework for Uganda's forthcoming national oil company (NOC), comparing it with the state-owned enterprise (SOE) model in Norway. The author argues that Uganda's current legislative approach is insufficient and recommends adopting stakeholder-oriented guidelines and a centralized supervisory body similar to Norway's Department of State Ownership to prevent corruption and government interference.

This guide, written by Antonio G. M. La Viña and Cecilia Therese T. Guiao for the Climate and Development Knowledge Network, provides an introduction to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) process. It focuses on the mechanics of consensus-building, offering strategic advice for new negotiators and facilitators to navigate the complex human and political interactions required to reach international agreements.

This report by Natural Justice and the Berne Declaration critiques a draft European Commission (EC) Regulation for implementing the Nagoya Protocol. The authors argue that the draft's focus on 'access' as the trigger for user obligations, rather than 'utilisation', creates legal uncertainty for EU users and undermines the Protocol's goal of fair and equitable benefit-sharing.

This 2013 guide, published by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI Tallinn) for the Estonian Ministry of the Environment, provides a comprehensive framework for implementing environmental management systems (EMS) within public sector organizations, such as state agencies and local governments. It focuses primarily on the European Union's Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the 'Green Office' concept, detailing the steps for planning, implementation, monitoring, and continuous improvement of environmental performance.

This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the policy and institutional frameworks guiding land-based wind power expansion in Sweden, assessing their coherence with environmental considerations. It contrasts Sweden's decentralized, municipality-led approach with Norway's more centralized system, highlighting the impact of the Swedish municipal veto on project development and the role of research programs like Vindval in informing concession decisions.

This executive summary by the World Resources Institute (WRI) analyzes the 'fast-start' climate finance pledges made by developed countries following the 2010 Cancun Agreements. The document evaluates whether these pledges meet international criteria regarding the balance between adaptation and mitigation, additionality, and prioritization of vulnerable nations, while highlighting significant gaps in reporting transparency and consistency.