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This policy brief examines the establishment of the Affordable Medicines Facility - malaria (AMFm), a subsidy scheme designed to provide effective malaria treatments and delay parasite resistance, to offer general recommendations on good subsidy design for policy-makers.

A modeling study by the Stockholm Environment Institute evaluates the potential for increasing global crop production through on-farm water management strategies, specifically vapour shift and water harvesting, under current and future climate scenarios.

This research paper argues that green water is dominant in food production and that managing local green water resources can increase agricultural resilience to climate change and population growth, potentially allowing water-short countries to produce sufficient food.

The 2008 Micropower Database provides an independent assessment of global capacity and electrical output for micropower—defined as all renewables excluding large hydro and cogeneration—covering historical data from 1990 to 2005 or 2006 and forecasts through 2010.

This fact sheet describes weADAPT, a collaborative platform launched in June 2007 to support climate adaptation through knowledge sharing, innovative tools, and data. The initiative is funded by UNEP and UNITAR and involves a network of partners including the Stockholm Environment Institute and the University of Cape Town.

A report by Rabobank and the World Resources Institute analyzing the drivers of global water scarcity and the potential for private investment in agricultural water-use efficiency technologies.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) examines the global trend of water privatization and the role of international financial institutions and corporations in commodifying water resources. It argues that water should be treated as a fundamental human right and a social good rather than a commodity, detailing various local and international resistance movements against corporate control of water.

The document describes the composition and critical importance of marine and coastal biodiversity, while highlighting the unprecedented scale of degradation caused by human activities across all global regions.

This research paper compares two methodologies for estimating national-level greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector, specifically analyzing CO2 emissions for 1988 and the additional heating effects of other combustion gases.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) submitted recommendations to the Adaptation Fund Board to strengthen its proposed Environmental and Social Policy, emphasizing the integration of human rights due diligence and robust accountability mechanisms for implementing entities.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law analyzes the need to rebalance the WTO's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) from a sustainable development perspective. It examines the outcomes of the Doha Ministerial Declaration, specifically regarding public health, the relationship between TRIPS and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the protection of traditional knowledge, while highlighting the interlinkages between the TRIPS Council and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

This policy brief by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues for the inclusion of trade-related measures as core obligations in a proposed international treaty to end plastic pollution. It highlights the scale of global plastics trade, examines how previous Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) have used trade provisions to achieve environmental goals, and proposes specific trade mechanisms—such as bans, permits, and reporting requirements—to ensure the efficacy of the plastics treaty.

This fact sheet from the Center for International Environmental Law describes the systemic health risks associated with the entire life cycle of plastics, from feedstock extraction to waste management. It argues that plastic is a "global health crisis" that disproportionately affects marginalized communities and calls for comprehensive reduction of plastic production rather than piecemeal solutions.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law provides recommendations for the compliance system of the Kyoto Protocol, focusing on the distinct roles of the facilitative and enforcement branches, the necessity of public transparency, and the application of consequences for non-compliance.

This guide by the Center for International Environmental Law provides negotiators and allies with a framework for leveraging a July 23, 2025, International Court of Justice (ICJ) Advisory Opinion (AO) during COP30. The document outlines the ICJ's findings that climate action is a legal duty and provides specific strategies for applying these legal obligations to COP30 agenda items, including finance, mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage.

This report argues that the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement depends on integrating human rights and social and environmental principles into the 'Paris Rulebook.' It emphasizes that climate action must respect the rights of indigenous peoples, ensure gender equality, safeguard food security, promote a just transition for workers, and maintain ecosystem integrity to ensure policy coherence and sustainable results.

This briefing paper by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and partners argues that the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement depends on the integration of human rights and social and environmental principles into the 'Paris Rule Book'. The document outlines how principles such as gender equality, indigenous rights, and a just transition should be embedded into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Adaptation Communications, the Transparency Framework, and the Global Stocktake to ensure policy coherence and protect vulnerable populations.

This discussion paper by the Center for International Environmental Law advocates for a rights-based, comprehensive approach to land-use planning within the UNFCCC's ADP process. It argues that land-sector carbon sequestration is temporary and should not be used to offset permanent fossil fuel emissions, while emphasizing the need to protect food security, biodiversity, and the land rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

This briefing, based on a joint WWF-CIEL paper, examines the relationship between Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It argues that current WTO negotiations focus on areas requiring the least clarification and proposes several practical measures to enhance compatibility between trade and environmental governance, while urging non-trade policymakers to ensure that trade rules do not undermine the jurisdiction or objectives of MEAs.

This fact sheet, published by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), provides a checklist for practitioners and civil society to ensure that 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are aligned with human rights obligations and international climate goals. It argues that human rights-based climate action is both a legal obligation under the Paris Agreement and more effective for increasing public support and policy efficiency.