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This document is the concluding chapter of a report analyzing the counter-insurgency strategies employed by the Rhodesian Security Forces during the war for Zimbabwe. It argues that the white administration failed because it treated the conflict as a military problem rather than a political one, neglecting the rural black population and failing to establish a coherent national strategy until the very end of the conflict.

This report provides a civil society perspective on the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Zimbabwe, with a specific focus on the Zimbabwe Defence Forces (ZDF). It examines the intersection of national epidemiology, political-economic crises, and military policies, highlighting the high prevalence of HIV within the armed forces and the risks associated with external deployments.

This report chapter, authored by Martin Rupiya for the Institute for Security Studies, examines the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on the militaries of Southern African nations. Based on empirical evidence from Botswana, Swaziland, Zambia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe, the text identifies common trends in disease transmission, the failure of states to implement timely policies, and the specific challenges faced by defence forces regarding recruitment, operational effectiveness, and the social dynamics of testing.

This report chapter argues for the integration of light weapons monitoring into early warning systems to prevent conflict. It examines the limitations of existing international arms registers, proposes a five-element process for early warning, and highlights regional cooperation in Southern Africa as a model for identifying and destroying destabilising weapons accumulations.

This research paper by Naison Ngoma examines the conceptual framework of Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR) with a specific focus on the challenges faced by states in sub-Saharan Africa. The author argues that standard Western or European models of DDR are often inapplicable to the African context because many African populations were never fully mobilised for war, creating a unique dynamic of "demobilisation without mobilisation."

This document contains a series of resolutions (CM/Res.149 to CM/Res.174) adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) during its eleventh ordinary session held in Algiers, Algeria, from September 4 to 12, 1968. The resolutions address a wide range of political, humanitarian, and economic issues, including the status of refugees, the liberation of territories under Portuguese and South African domination, the decolonization of the Comoros, and the promotion of intra-African economic integration and cultural cooperation.

This handbook provides a comparative analysis of three key anti-corruption instruments: the SADC Protocol against Corruption (2001), the AU Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (2003), and the UN Convention against Corruption (2003). It is designed as a tool for lawyers, policy makers, and legal drafters in Southern African countries to help them harmonize domestic legislation with these international standards, focusing on prohibited acts of corruption, preventative measures, jurisdiction, and international cooperation.

This document consists of Annex VI and three Protocols of an agreement between the European Community and ACP (African, Caribbean, and Pacific) States. It defines the lists of least-developed, landlocked, and island ACP States, establishes rules for the operating expenditure and privileges of joint institutions, and outlines the qualified status of South Africa's participation in the agreement.

This report by Robert Mattes of the University of Cape Town uses Afrobarometer survey data from 18 African countries to compare experiences of crime and policing in South Africa with other nations on the continent. The analysis finds that while South Africa has high levels of insecurity and crime exposure, it is not exceptional in the African context. Furthermore, despite having superior physical and human capital, the South African Police Service (SAPS) often lags behind other African police forces in terms of public trust, legitimacy, and community relations.

This report analyzes the historical evolution and governance of the military in Lesotho, tracing its transition from a destabilizing force under authoritarian rule to a professionalized body under civilian control following the 1993 democratic transition. It examines the legal frameworks, institutional arrangements, and regional security dynamics that shape the Lesotho Defence Force (LDF).

This document outlines the recommendations from a conference held in Jinja, Uganda, from 11 to 13 March 2009, focused on developing a Common and Comprehensive African Approach to HIV and AIDS (CCAAHM) within African militaries. The conference, attended by delegates from numerous African nations and NGOs, sought to address policy dilemmas regarding recruitment, combat readiness, and the management of HIV-positive personnel in the context of peacekeeping and national security.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies examines the necessity and implementation of security sector reform (SSR) in Zimbabwe following the September 2008 Global Political Agreement (GPA). It analyzes how colonial heritage, liberation struggle culture, and regime-centric threat perceptions have led to a security apparatus characterized by a lack of accountability and a tendency toward the excessive use of force. The document proposes a phased approach to reform, prioritizing immediate stability and the prevention of military interference in politics, followed by long-term institutional overhauls of the criminal justice system.

A country fact sheet providing basic demographic, political, and economic data for Zambia, including its legal system, governance structure, and natural resources.

This monograph, edited by Hussein Solomon and published by the Institute for Security Studies in May 1997, examines the evolution, principles, and challenges of South African foreign policy following the transition to democracy in 1994. It analyzes the tension between the government's declared commitment to human rights and democracy and its pragmatic bilateral relations with states such as Cuba, Libya, and the People's Republic of China. The text explores South Africa's role as a regional hegemon in Southern Africa, its engagement with the African continent, and the theoretical debate over whether it should pursue 'middle power' or 'co-operative' leadership.

This report, compiled by the Institute for Security Studies and funded by the Canadian Government, provides the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) with a survey of peacekeeping training efforts across nine African countries. It identifies a critical lack of common doctrine and standardised training, recommending that the OAU establish a Pan-African policy and a dedicated civilian-military advisory capacity to coordinate peace support operations.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the proliferation of small arms and light weapons in Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Swaziland. It analyzes how historical conflicts, porous borders, and failed disarmament processes have created a 'culture of violence' and fueled criminal activity in Southern Africa.

This monograph captures the proceedings of a seminar held in Pretoria on 18-19 April 2000, titled "Security in Africa: French and South African Perspectives." The document explores the intersection of national identity, human security, governance, and economic development, with a specific focus on the evolving roles of France and South Africa in African security. It analyzes various conflict zones, including the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho, and West Africa, while evaluating the effectiveness of regional and international intervention frameworks such as the UN, OAU, SADC, and ECOWAS.

This report assesses the legislative and institutional frameworks for combating organised crime across the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, specifically evaluating their alignment with the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime (Palermo Convention) signed in December 2000.

This report, produced by the Institute for Security Studies in collaboration with the Southern African Regional Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (SARPCCO), provides a comprehensive review of organised criminal activities in 12 southern African countries. It identifies a strong nexus between organised crime and corruption, noting that the region's porous borders and economic disparities facilitate the transnational movement of drugs, stolen vehicles, counterfeit goods, and endangered species. The report emphasizes that while some crimes are local, the most serious activities are transnational and often underpinned by systemic corruption within law enforcement and government institutions.

This research paper examines the evolution of civil-military relations in Botswana, focusing on how the Botswana Defence Force (BDF) has navigated the tension between operational secrecy, military spending, and the need for public trust within a democratic framework. It details the BDF's transition from a force struggling with legitimacy during South African cross-border raids to one seeking public acceptance through humanitarian missions and domestic support roles.