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Trend Asia criticizes the new PP KEN for extending the use of fossil fuels until 2060, lowering renewable energy targets for 2030, and promoting high-risk or non-renewable 'new energy' sources like nuclear, hydrogen, and ammonia. The report highlights the environmental and social risks of bioenergy, specifically co-firing and Energy Plantation Forests (HTE), which it links to deforestation and land grabbing. It further argues that the policy lacks transparency, excludes community-scale renewable energy, and prioritizes industrial interests over human rights and ecological sustainability.

The report argues that Indonesia's biomass co-firing program primarily benefits large conglomerates and politically connected elites rather than promoting a just energy transition. It highlights how companies affiliated with groups like Sinarmas, Korindo, and Medco dominate energy plantation forest (HTE) concessions, often through opaque ownership structures or 'shadow companies'. The document details instances of deforestation, land conflicts with indigenous peoples (notably in Papua and NTB), and the persistence of 'carbon debts' resulting from the conversion of natural forests to HTE. Furthermore, it notes that some biomass suppliers are also coal traders, and that the actual biomass used in PLTUs often consists of unregulated sawdust rather than the planned wood pellets, undermining the program's environmental claims.

Trend Asia criticizes the 2024 vice-presidential candidates for offering technical 'gimmicks' rather than substantive solutions for grassroots issues. The organization argues that the candidates' visions for energy transition and sustainable development remain rooted in extractivism, ignore the legal and social vulnerabilities of local communities, and rely on 'false solutions' like CCUS and geothermal energy while failing to address the structural causes of the climate crisis and the harms of the coal industry.

The report argues that PLN's plan to use biomass co-firing to reduce emissions is contradictory and potentially destructive. To achieve a 10% co-firing rate across 107 coal power plants, Trend Asia estimates a need for 10.23 million tons of wood pellets annually, requiring energy plantation forests (HTE) of at least 2.33 million hectares. Based on historical data showing 38% of industrial plantation forests originated from deforestation, the report projects that HTE development could lead to the loss of 630,000 to 2.1 million hectares of natural forest, depending on the tree species used.

Trend Asia challenges PT PLN's claim that biomass co-firing facilitates an energy transition and reduces emissions. The report argues that the massive land requirements for energy plantation forests (HTE) to supply wood pellets would lead to significant deforestation, resulting in net carbon emissions rather than reductions. It finds that biomass has become a complement to, rather than a substitute for, coal, with total coal consumption continuing to rise.

Trend Asia argues that PT PLN's biomass co-firing strategy does not reduce coal utilization and instead increases overall emissions due to deforestation and the carbon-intensive production of wood pellets. The report calculates that implementing 10% co-firing across 107 power plants could generate between 7.9 and 26.5 million tonnes of CO2e annually, depending on the tree species used, while potentially requiring millions of hectares of land for energy timber plantations (HTE).

The document outlines strategies for leveraging local knowledge to enhance climate resilience, emphasizing the need for tailored training for government staff and community engagement to fill information gaps. It advocates for a hybrid approach where local expertise is complemented by scientific data to create a robust foundation for planning. Case studies from various developing countries illustrate how this process can lead to improved flood risk mapping, the adoption of renewable energy, and the creation of greenhouse gas inventories.

The report analyzes ten CDKN initiatives in India, Indonesia, Nepal, and Pakistan to identify effective design pathways for scaling climate compatible development. It distinguishes between research-led, hybrid, and action-led pathways, concluding that longer-term, action-oriented approaches are most successful in embedding new practices across local, provincial, and national scales. The authors propose several design principles, including early action, adaptive management, and strategic knowledge brokering, to navigate the complex multi-level governance required for climate resilience and low-carbon transitions.

The document analyzes the gap between renewable energy potential and actual capacity in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, highlighting the need for Public-Private-People Partnerships (PPPP) and integrated spatial planning to achieve energy security.

The document outlines five primary strategies for integrating climate compatible development into local political agendas: establishing cross-party consensus, linking climate action to development goals, aligning climate measures with sectoral objectives, utilizing local and national 'champions', and designing initiatives to benefit marginalized groups. It emphasizes that finding innovative, non-climate-specific entry points—such as energy security or economic alternatives—can lead to more enduring policy success. Examples include Uruguay's cross-party agreement on renewable energy, the use of 'water walks' in Madurai, India, and the integration of low-emission strategies into Bogor's municipal development plan.

The document outlines five key strategies for local governments to build effective climate partnerships: choosing partners strategically beyond the environmental sector, involving marginalised and opposing groups, leveraging local actors while understanding their spheres of influence, ensuring mutual benefit through co-design, and employing a trusted facilitator or knowledge broker. It illustrates these points with examples such as solar energy initiatives in Pakistan and Indonesia, climate-smart agriculture in Nepal, and coastal management in Belize.

The document examines the gap between the high renewable energy potential in Nusa Tenggara Barat—specifically minihydro—and its actual installed capacity. It identifies critical bottlenecks including land acquisition, slow asset transfer, lack of coordination between on-grid and off-grid supplies, and inefficient permitting. The study argues for a 'PPPP' (Public-Private-People Partnership) approach, improved provincial capacity, and the strategic use of village funds to overcome these challenges.

The document analyzes the gap between renewable energy potential and actual capacity in West Nusa Tenggara, highlighting the need for Public-Private-People Partnerships (PPPP) and integrated spatial planning to overcome energy shortages.

The report identifies that while West Nusa Tenggara has significant renewable energy potential, particularly in mini-hydro, development is hindered by a combination of governance issues, technical gaps, and financing barriers. Key challenges include land acquisition volatility, slow asset transfer, and a lack of coordination between on-grid and off-grid electricity supply. The document argues for a 'Public–Private–People Partnership' (PPPP) approach, emphasizing the need for provincial-level leadership, capacity building for Independent Power Producers (IPPs), and the strategic use of village-level funds to scale up renewable energy infrastructure.

The document outlines Indonesia's climate ambitions, including a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target of 26%–41% by 2020 and a moratorium on logging in primary forests and peatlands. It highlights the role of the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund as a mechanism for overseas climate finance and describes CDKN's efforts to support climate-compatible development in the energy sector and forest conservation research.

The document examines how fuel subsidy reforms in Indonesia affect SMEs, noting that while these businesses are generally less energy-intensive than large enterprises, they are more vulnerable to price shocks. It highlights that indirect impacts—such as increased transportation costs and reduced purchasing power of low-income consumers—are often more severe than direct energy cost increases. The author recommends government support through improved credit access, infrastructure investment, and technical assistance for energy efficiency and alternative energy adoption.

The report finds that the implementation of Indonesia's National Action Plan Addressing Climate Change (RAN-PI) has been generally poor, particularly at the local and community levels, due to a lack of national legal foundations and poor vertical communication. While some provincial and district offices report adaptation activities like reforestation and coral transplantation, village-level communities often remain unaware of national policies and struggle with immediate climate impacts such as water scarcity, crop failure, and coastal erosion. The assessment emphasizes the need for a bottom-up approach that integrates traditional indigenous knowledge with modern science and calls for the empowerment of 'local champions' to build community resilience.

The report analyzes food insecurity in Indonesia, highlighting that the 2007/08 global food crisis exacerbated issues of food access and affordability. It argues that the government's focus on food self-sufficiency is insufficient and suggests that improving infrastructure, employment, and targeted aid programs is essential to ensure the poor can access nutritious food.

The report examines food insecurity in Indonesia, specifically in the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara, West Nusa Tenggara, and Yogyakarta. It argues that while national food supplies were generally sufficient during the 2007/08 global food crisis, poor infrastructure and low incomes hindered access to affordable food. The author criticizes the 'Swasembada Pangan' (food self-sufficiency) approach for ignoring the dimensions of accessibility and affordability, recommending a shift toward improving transportation infrastructure and creating sustainable employment in the agro-industry.

The document outlines the role of small-scale Independent Power Producers (IPPs) in Indonesia's energy transition, highlighting their ability to reduce state budget pressure and increase renewable energy capacity. It identifies significant barriers to growth, including financing difficulties, complex permitting processes, and grid instability in remote areas, and recommends a policy package of technical and financial support to enable the sector to expand.