ADU KLAIM MENURUNKAN EMISI

This report by Trend Asia challenges claims made by PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) regarding the effectiveness of biomass co-firing in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis suggests that the transition to biomass, particularly wood pellets, may actually increase total emissions due to deforestation and the carbon debt created by replacing natural forests with energy plantations.

• PT PLN claims that implementing co-firing—mixing biomass with coal in coal-fired power plants (PLTU)—is a cheap and instant way to reduce emissions and help achieve a 23 percent renewable energy mix target by 2025. As of May 2022, 32 PLTUs had implemented co-firing, with a target of 35 in 2022 and 52 locations (107 units) by 2025.
• Trend Asia estimates that meeting the biomass needs for 107 PLTUs at a 10 percent co-firing rate would require 10.23 million tons of wood pellets per year. This would necessitate energy plantations (HTE) covering at least 2.33 million hectares, which the report warns could lead to significant deforestation.
• Mathematical modeling by Trend Asia indicates that 10 percent biomass co-firing across 107 PLTUs could generate between 7.9 million and 26.48 million tons of CO2e per year, depending on the tree species used. The highest emissions are associated with the use of Gamal trees.
• The report argues that biomass is not carbon neutral because the carbon stocks lost during the deforestation of natural forests to create HTEs cannot be fully compensated for by the carbon absorbed by the new plantations. This creates a 'carbon debt' and a net positive emission.
• Evidence suggests that biomass co-firing has not reduced coal consumption. Between 2020 and 2021, while biomass use increased from 9,731 tons to 282,628 tons, coal consumption also rose from 66.68 million tons to 68.47 million tons.
• The report notes that biomass supplies for co-firing have been inconsistent. Examples include PLTU Sintang in West Kalimantan failing to meet palm shell supply, and PLTU Jeranjang in West Nusa Tenggara stopping the use of rice husks due to seasonal availability and low caloric value.

APA

Muhajir, M., Febrian, R., Nagara, G., Saputra, P. A., Damanik, I., Agustiorini, S., Erlina, M. I., Indradi, Y., Nasution, M., & Airlinus, Z. (2022). ADU KLAIM MENURUNKAN EMISI. Trend Asia. https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ADU-KLAIM-EMISI-1.pdf

Chicago

Muhajir, Mumu, Ramada Febrian, Grahat Nagara, Putut Aryo Saputra, Iqbal Damanik, Sarah Agustiorini, Meike Inda Erlina, et al. ADU KLAIM MENURUNKAN EMISI. Trend Asia, 2022. https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ADU-KLAIM-EMISI-1.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Muhajir |first1=Mumu |last2=Febrian |first2=Ramada |last3=Nagara |first3=Grahat |last4=Saputra |first4=Putut Aryo |last5=Damanik |first5=Iqbal |last6=Agustiorini |first6=Sarah |last7=Erlina |first7=Meike Inda |last8=Indradi |first8=Yuyun |last9=Nasution |first9=Marina |display-authors=etal |title=ADU KLAIM MENURUNKAN EMISI |publisher=Trend Asia |date=August 2022 |url=https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ADU-KLAIM-EMISI-1.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{muhajir2022adu, author = {Muhajir, Mumu and Febrian, Ramada and Nagara, Grahat and Saputra, Putut Aryo and Damanik, Iqbal and Agustiorini, Sarah and Erlina, Meike Inda and Indradi, Yuyun and Nasution, Marina and Airlinus, Zamzami}, title = {{ADU KLAIM MENURUNKAN EMISI}}, institution = {Trend Asia}, year = {2022}, month = aug, url = {https://trendasia.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/ADU-KLAIM-EMISI-1.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }