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The document outlines a series of legislative acts and wider trends in the UK that ClientEarth argues undermine the rule of law. It details how new laws like the Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022 and the Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill may weaken judicial oversight and strip away environmental safeguards. The report also highlights systemic issues, including the politicisation of the Attorney General, cuts to legal aid, and a trend toward 'government by decree' through the increased use of secondary legislation.

The report finds that the world's largest private companies significantly lag behind their publicly-listed counterparts in setting net zero targets and publishing implementation plans. While 69% of the top 100 public companies have net zero targets, only 32% of the top 100 private companies do. Furthermore, only 13% of private companies with targets have published a plan to achieve them, compared to 73% of public companies. The analysis highlights a 'blind spot' in climate accountability, particularly in high-emitting sectors like fossil fuels, where none of the investigated private firms have pledged net zero. The authors warn of 'fossil-spinning,' where public companies divest carbon-intensive assets to less-regulated private firms, and call for mandatory climate disclosure for large private entities to ensure whole-economy decarbonisation.

The Green Guarantee Company (GGC), managed by the Development Guarantee Group (DGG) and accredited by MUFG Bank, Ltd., seeks USD 82.5 million in equity from the Green Climate Fund (GCF) to create a guarantee vehicle. GGC aims to leverage its capital 10x to provide up to USD 4 billion in guarantees for green bonds and loans in developing countries, specifically targeting those with sub-investment grade ratings to attract global institutional investors. The programme focuses on five GCF result areas: energy generation and access, low-emission transport, buildings/cities/industries/appliances, health/food/water security, and infrastructure/built environment. It targets a mitigation impact of 74.6 million tCO2e and reaches approximately 36.9 million beneficiaries over a 20-year lifespan. The proposal includes a detailed Transaction Selection Process (TSP) to ensure climate impact and a comprehensive Gender Action Plan to promote equality and women's empowerment in the supported projects.

The author contends that reducing food loss and waste is a non-contentious solution to climate change and biodiversity loss, yet it remains under-adopted by governments. While some countries have set targets aligned with SDG 12.3, only 38 nations have included food loss and waste in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC). The text highlights that agriculture drives 70% of terrestrial biodiversity loss and 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, with rotting food in landfills serving as the third largest cause of methane emissions.

The document analyzes the 2022 violence in Leicester, attributing it to a 'perfect storm' of local friction—such as disputes over the expansion of the Daman Hindu community and use of local facilities—and international tensions stemming from the Hindutva ideology of India's BJP government. It details how social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter were used to spread misinformation, with pro-BJP, Islamist, and far-right actors framing the conflict to suit their own narratives. The briefing also notes the role of Indian and international media in exacerbating the situation and the unexpected support for Muslims from Sikh activists due to their own tensions with the Indian government.

One year after COP26, progress on climate pledges is described as "mixed at best," with some advancements in renewable energy and net-zero targets countered by a resurgence in fossil fuel reliance due to the Russia-Ukraine war. While 24 countries updated their emissions targets and renewable capacity reached new heights, global fossil fuel subsidies nearly doubled in 2021. Financial commitments remain unmet, with developed nations still $17 billion short of the $100 billion annual goal for 2020. Efforts to curb methane and deforestation have seen expanded participation, but accountability for city-level net-zero pledges remains low due to a lack of reported emissions data.

The report evaluates the alignment of Total Allowable Catches (TACs) with scientific advice in the EU and UK from 2015 to 2022. While some progress is noted, the report finds that overfishing was not ended by the 2020 deadline, with one third of assessed TACs still exceeding scientific advice in 2022. It highlights specific failures regarding data-limited stocks and identifies a mixed record for the UK, which has improved transparency and ecosystem considerations for forage fish but continues to push for unsustainable bycatch rollovers and inter-area flexibility in the West of Scotland.

The briefing posits that green hydrogen is transitioning from pilot projects to the creation of niche markets (Phase 3 of the S-curve), which will lead to mass-market adoption as costs fall. It highlights scaling production, expanding demand in heavy industry, and the role of policy support in driving this acceleration.

World Weather Attribution (WWA) reports on its activities from October 2021 to October 2022, during which it published eight rapid analyses and several peer-reviewed papers. These studies examined the role of human-induced climate change in events such as heatwaves in India, Pakistan, and the UK, as well as flooding and droughts in various regions. The organization emphasizes that while climate change is a major driver for heatwaves, its role in other events like tropical cyclones can be less clear, often compounding with high levels of vulnerability to increase human impacts.

The IAI Executive Directorate reports progress on science and capacity building between July and October 2022. Key activities include the 'Climate and Health Responder Course for Latin America', the publication of a compendium on climate impacts in LAC, and the expansion of the STeP fellowship program to 45 fellows across 8 countries. The IAI also coordinated participation in the UNGA77 Science Summit and the SRI2022 congress, while establishing a Steering Committee for a Center for Science Diplomacy.

The report analyzes the proposed modernization of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), concluding that the reforms are too modest to ensure the treaty does not obstruct ambitious climate mitigation. Key concerns include the continued protection of fossil fuel investments in the EU and UK for at least 10 years, the lack of flexibility for contracting parties to create fossil fuel carve-outs, and the retention of broad investment protection standards that limit states' policy space.

Projected emissions for the analysed major economies under current policies (36.2-41.8 GtCO2e by 2030) remain far above the 43% reduction from 2019 levels required by the Paris Agreement. While average per capita emissions are projected to decrease slightly from 9.6 tCO2e in 2015 to approximately 8.8-8.9 tCO2e by 2030, significant disparities exist, with emissions per capita expected to more than double in Türkiye and Viet Nam while halving in Australia, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Only eleven countries are currently on track to meet their latest NDC targets, with Brazil and Indonesia moving off track due to increased land-use emission projections.

The document is a letter from a group of NGOs to the Czech Minister for Agriculture, arguing that the EU has failed its legal obligation to end overfishing by 2020. The authors call for the 2023 fishing limits to be based on the best available scientific advice from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and the application of an ecosystem-based approach. Specific concerns are raised regarding the Baltic Sea cod crisis and the fact that 28% of assessed stocks in Northeast Atlantic waters remain subject to overfishing. The NGOs advocate for 'climate buffers' to protect species vulnerable to climate change and the implementation of remote electronic monitoring (REM) to ensure compliance with landing obligations.

ClientEarth warns that the UK Government's move toward rapid deregulation, particularly via the Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill, risks a 'perfect storm' of environmental degradation and reduced business investment. The organization argues that the Bill could lead to the overnight disappearance of critical legislative frameworks protecting air, water, and biodiversity by December 31, 2023, while bypassing parliamentary scrutiny through secondary legislation. This shift is viewed as a contradiction of the Government's own manifesto commitments and legal obligations under the Climate Change Act 2008.

The document asserts that Canada's reliance on oil, gas, and coal leaves it vulnerable to global market volatility and geopolitical shocks, despite being a major producer. It argues that renewable energy sources like wind and solar are now more cost-effective than fossil fuels and can provide long-term price stability because they do not require input fuels. The brief highlights Canada's existing hydroelectric capacity as a key asset for balancing variable renewables and suggests that electrifying transport and heating will further reduce exposure to fossil fuel price spikes. It concludes that prioritizing investments in flexible, integrated electricity grids and energy efficiency is essential for achieving a non-emitting electricity grid by 2035 and ensuring affordable energy security.

The document argues that while the costs of climate action are high, the costs of inaction are higher, noting that physical climate risk has already increased the cost of capital for V20 countries by USD62bn over 10 years. It proposes a three-pillar policy framework: providing clarity on green investments via taxonomies, tilting investment toward green opportunities through de-risking and carbon pricing, and building green investment pipelines. Key mechanisms suggested include the use of junior capital by development finance institutions to mobilize private investment, the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, and the implementation of carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs). The summary concludes with a list of 101 specific policy ideas across sectors including energy, transport, and agriculture to be detailed in a full report.

The document argues that Ghana's cocoa sector is plagued by high deforestation rates, poverty-driven child labour, and a lack of transparency in pricing and governance. It highlights that cocoa is the "single most important commodity driving deforestation in Ghana," with a loss rate of 3.2% per annum in the cocoa forest landscape. The briefing recommends clarifying forest conversion laws, reforming tree and land tenure to incentivise agroforestry, and establishing a mandatory national legality and traceability system to comply with emerging EU and UK due diligence regulations. It also calls for legislative reforms to the definition of child labour and greater transparency in the management of the Living Income Differential (LID) and the Producer Price Review Committee (PPRC).

ClientEarth proposes a 'methane reduction alliance' consisting of the world's largest gas importers—including the EU, Japan, South Korea, the UK, and China—to implement a performance standard that caps and reduces methane emissions in the gas supply chain. The proposal argues that by prioritizing gas purchases from countries with similar regulations and applying fees to emissions exceeding the standard, importing nations can drive global methane abatement. The report highlights that capturing wasted methane could provide nearly 210 billion cubic metres of gas, offering a way to bolster supply without expanding gas fields. It also critiques voluntary industry schemes for lacking independent verification and failing to include national oil companies, which hold over half of global gas assets.

The report finds that while there is a positive trend in aligning TACs with scientific advice, the 2020 deadline to end overfishing was missed. For 2022, 33% of analyzed TACs still exceeded scientific advice. Progress is significantly slower for stocks subject to precautionary advice compared to those with Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) assessments. The report also highlights a lack of transparency in the TAC-setting process and concerns over the implementation of the landing obligation.

The document is an annex listing fish species and specific TAC codes excluded from a core analysis, detailing the reasons for their exclusion such as area mismatches, unavailable advice, or changes in TAC units.