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The report finds that donors must provide an additional USD 14 billion per year, and low- and middle-income countries must provide USD 19 billion per year, to achieve SDG 2 targets by 2030 while respecting climate commitments. This investment would prevent 490 million people from experiencing hunger and double the incomes of 545 million small-scale producers. The authors emphasize that Africa has the greatest need for these resources and that a balanced portfolio of interventions—spanning social protection, on-farm productivity, and market access—is essential for success.

The Ceres2030 project identifies a funding gap of USD 33 billion per year to achieve SDG 2 targets, with USD 14 billion coming from donors and USD 19 billion from recipient countries. The report emphasizes that most existing agricultural research ignores the needs of smallholders, who represent over 80% of the world's farms. Key recommendations include investing in extension services, climate-resilient crops, social protection, and supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the value chain. The project utilizes a complex general equilibrium model and machine-learning-assisted evidence synthesis to identify a portfolio of 14 policy instruments across three categories: empowering the excluded, on-farm interventions, and food on the move.

The Ceres2030 report argues that ending global hunger is possible through an integrated combination of public investments totaling 33 billion USD per year. The project identifies ten key recommendations across three categories: enabling inclusion, on-farm improvements, and post-harvest management. It emphasizes that smallholders are critical to global food security but are often excluded from economic growth and technological advancement. The report highlights a significant funding gap, noting that donor contributions must nearly double to 26 billion USD annually, supplemented by 19 billion USD in domestic spending from recipient countries, with Africa identified as the region with the highest need.

The Ceres2030 report argues that ending global hunger is possible through an integrated portfolio of agricultural interventions and an additional annual public investment of USD 33 billion. Using AI-driven evidence synthesis and complex economic modelling, the study identifies ten key recommendations across three categories: empowering the excluded, on-farm improvements, and value chain logistics. The report emphasizes that small-scale producers, who provide a significant portion of the global food supply, are disproportionately vulnerable to the climate crisis and economic exclusion. It concludes that donor countries must double their current annual spending on food security to USD 26 billion, while low- and middle-income countries must provide an additional USD 19 billion per year, with a particular focus on Africa, where the greatest need for resources exists.

Ceres2030 identifies a funding gap of 33 billion USD per year to eradicate hunger and double the incomes of 545 million small-scale producers by 2030. The project emphasizes integrated policy portfolios over isolated interventions, highlighting the role of farmers' organizations, climate-resilient crops, and SMEs in the value chain. It specifically notes that Africa requires two-thirds of the additional public spending to meet these goals.

The Ceres2030 report argues that a world without hunger is possible through a coordinated investment of 33 billion USD annually until 2030. Using AI-driven data synthesis and complex economic modeling, the project identifies ten key recommendations across three pillars: empowering the excluded, on-farm improvements, and food movement. The findings emphasize that integrated portfolios of interventions—combining technology with human capital, social protection, and market access—are more effective than isolated solutions. The report highlights Africa as the region with the greatest need and calls for a doubling of donor contributions to 26 billion USD per year, supplemented by increased domestic taxation in recipient countries.

The Ceres2030 project uses AI-driven evidence reviews and complex economic modeling to determine that an additional $33 billion in annual public spending—$14 billion from donors and $19 billion from low- and middle-income countries—is required to end hunger and double smallholder incomes by 2030 while adhering to Paris Agreement emissions targets. The report identifies ten key recommendations across three categories: empowering the excluded (e.g., farmer organizations, youth training, social protection), farm-level interventions (e.g., climate-resilient crops, extension services, livestock feed), and food flow improvements (e.g., reducing post-harvest losses, supporting SMEs). It emphasizes that integrated bundles of interventions are more effective than isolated solutions and highlights a critical lack of high-quality, gender-disaggregated, and cost-specific evidence in current agricultural research.

The document examines the impact of COVID-19-related food export restrictions on vulnerable importing nations. It identifies high-risk areas in Central Asia, North Africa, the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa, noting that many affected countries already suffer from high undernourishment and calorie production deficits. The authors argue that because global food stocks remain plentiful, countries should refrain from banning staple food exports to prevent hunger and potential famines.

The research examines how the effect of anomalous rainfall (excess and scarce) on violent, state-based conflict varies based on societal vulnerability factors. Using a causal forest model on global grid-cell data, the author finds that while rainfall variability generally has a small effect on conflict, this effect is context-specific. Scarce rainfall is more likely to increase conflict risk in communities with high agricultural employment and poor governance (low SHDI and GDP). Excess rainfall's effect is more complex, showing higher risk in areas with high population density, low globalization, low democracy, and low GDP, but contrary to expectations, it showed smaller effects in areas with high political exclusion or greater distance to the capital.

The report finds that development finance for energy projects with gender equality objectives remains low, accounting for only 9% of total energy development finance in 2018, significantly lower than the 42% average across all sectors. It highlights systemic challenges in tracking this finance, including inconsistent reporting and a lack of energy-sector-specific guidance for OECD-DAC gender markers. To address these gaps, the document proposes a three-step framework for project documentation: defining the specific gender inequality context, stating a clear intent to address it throughout the project cycle, and demonstrating a direct link between the financed activities and the identified inequality. It also provides a taxonomy of gender inequalities in the energy sector, categorizing them into workforce/economic opportunities and household/workplace energy access.

The guide identifies significant energy access gaps in South Asia, with 152 million people lacking electricity and 990 million lacking clean cooking as of 2018. It proposes that governments allocate 25% of stimulus budgets to renewables and target 30% localization of clean energy value chains. Key benefits cited include a GDP multiplier where every USD 1 invested in renewables yields USD 0.93 in additional growth, and the creation of 2 to 2.5 times more jobs than fossil fuel investments. The document recommends eight enablers for this transition, including the elimination of fossil fuel subsidies, a moratorium on new coal-fired power, and the adoption of cost-reflective tariffs.

The report advocates for a paradigm shift in sanitation and wastewater management, moving from a focus on waste disposal to one of resource recovery. It details how recovering water, nutrients, and energy from waste streams can improve public health, food security, and climate mitigation while creating economic opportunities. The document provides technical guidance on system design, risk management for human and environmental health, and the institutional and financial frameworks necessary to implement sustainable, context-specific sanitation systems.

Sivan Kartha warns that failing to address the climate crisis could lead to a catastrophic 5-degree Celsius increase in global temperatures, comparable in scale to the transition out of the last Ice Age. He asserts that while the technology and finance to avoid this exist, they are concentrated among the wealthiest 10% of the population. Kartha concludes that the only practical path to net-zero emissions is for the most privileged to lead the reduction and support the rest of the world in doing the same.

Sivan Kartha highlights the catastrophic potential of a 5-degree Celsius increase in global temperatures, comparing it to the scale of change that ended the last Ice Age. He asserts that while the technology and funds to stop fossil fuel reliance exist, they are concentrated among the wealthiest 10% of the population. Kartha concludes that achieving net-zero emissions globally requires the most privileged societies to eliminate their own emissions and provide support to less privileged populations to enable a collective transition.

The open letter calls on nine Multilateral Development Banks to accelerate their commitment to the Paris Agreement by ending all assistance for oil, gas, and coal projects after 2020. It demands a rapid scale-up of investments in renewables and energy efficiency, specifically targeting universal energy access by 2030 and allocating at least 50% of finance to climate by 2025. The letter emphasizes the need for transparent reporting on portfolio emissions and the development of just transition plans for workers and communities.

The document argues that falling renewable energy costs are making coal-fired power projects in South and Southeast Asia economically unviable, placing $4.8 billion of pending Japanese public financing at risk of becoming stranded assets.

The report examines the drivers of basic-needs deforestation, such as subsistence farming and woodfuel collection, and evaluates interventions like formalization, clean cooking technology, and REDD+ funding. It highlights the difficulty of measuring progress due to data gaps and emphasizes that successful interventions require social safeguards and good governance to protect livelihoods while reducing forest loss.

The document examines the design, selection, implementation, and scaling of Challenge Funds (CFs) specifically for resilience building. It compares GRP's operational experience with a broader literature review of various international CFs, such as the African Enterprise Challenge Fund and the Global Innovation Fund. Key findings emphasize the need for clear definitions of resilience, the value of multi-stage application processes to support local innovators, and the necessity of long-term strategies to move innovations beyond the 'valley of death' toward sustainable scale. The report concludes with specific recommendations for future resilience-focused challenges, highlighting the importance of adaptive management and robust, long-term impact evaluations.

The Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) Water Window Challenge supported over 500,000 people across eight countries through 12 projects focused on flood resilience. The synthesis identifies that success was driven by 'layering' interventions—combining livelihood support, early warning systems (EWS), and infrastructure—and by deep stakeholder engagement. Key achievements include the establishment of 347 women-led community-based organizations in Sri Lanka, the support of 265,000 individuals in Indonesia through transboundary coordination, and the deployment of EWS reaching over 84,000 households in the India-Nepal border region. The report emphasizes that flexible, adaptive management and strong partnerships are essential for innovating and scaling resilience efforts in volatile climatic contexts.

The report identifies five key intervention areas for building resilience: nature-based solutions, empowering marginalized groups, information and technology, inclusive financial services, and low-cost infrastructure. It argues that effective resilience programming must be systemic by design, utilize layered and linked interventions, create agile networks, promote equity and inclusion, and prioritize iterative learning and scaling. Evidence from GRP's USAID and Z Zurich Foundation challenges, as well as 42 partner programs, demonstrates that these approaches can protect development gains and improve well-being in the face of climate and economic shocks.