Ending Hunger, Increasing Incomes, and Protecting the Climate: What would it cost donors?

The report finds that donors must provide an additional USD 14 billion per year, and low- and middle-income countries must provide USD 19 billion per year, to achieve SDG 2 targets by 2030 while respecting climate commitments. This investment would prevent 490 million people from experiencing hunger and double the incomes of 545 million small-scale producers. The authors emphasize that Africa has the greatest need for these resources and that a balanced portfolio of interventions—spanning social protection, on-farm productivity, and market access—is essential for success.

• To end hunger and double the incomes of small-scale producers while adhering to Paris Agreement greenhouse gas emission limits, donors must contribute an additional USD 14 billion per year until 2030. This represents a doubling of current donor spending, which averages USD 12 billion per year on food security and nutrition.
• Official development assistance (ODA) alone is insufficient; low- and middle-income countries must provide an additional average of USD 19 billion per year through increased taxation.
• The combined additional public spending of USD 33 billion per year is estimated to prevent 490 million people from experiencing hunger and double the incomes of 545 million small-scale producers on average. Furthermore, this public investment is expected to trigger an average of USD 52 billion in annual private investment in primary and processed food sectors.
• Africa is the region with the most significant need for additional resources, as it is projected to have the highest concentration of the global undernourished population by 2030. Two-thirds of the required additional public spending is needed in Africa.
• Achieving the targets requires a balanced portfolio of 14 policy instruments across three categories: 'empower the excluded' (e.g., social safety nets, vocational training), 'on the farm' (e.g., R&D, irrigation, fertilizer subsidies), and 'food on the move' (e.g., roads, storage).
• The timing of spending is critical; early investment in long-term interventions like research and development (R&D) provides a higher payoff and prevents the increase of total monetary costs associated with delays.

APA

Laborde, D., Parent, M., & Smaller, C. (2020). Ending Hunger, Increasing Incomes, and Protecting the Climate: What would it cost donors? International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://ceres2030.iisd.org//wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ceres2030-what-would-it-cost_.pdf

Chicago

Laborde, David, Marie Parent, and Carin Smaller. Ending Hunger, Increasing Incomes, and Protecting the Climate: What would it cost donors? International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2020. https://ceres2030.iisd.org//wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ceres2030-what-would-it-cost_.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Laborde |first1=David |last2=Parent |first2=Marie |last3=Smaller |first3=Carin |title=Ending Hunger, Increasing Incomes, and Protecting the Climate: What would it cost donors? |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2020 |url=https://ceres2030.iisd.org//wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ceres2030-what-would-it-cost_.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{laborde2020ending, author = {Laborde, David and Parent, Marie and Smaller, Carin}, title = {{Ending Hunger, Increasing Incomes, and Protecting the Climate: What would it cost donors?}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2020}, url = {https://ceres2030.iisd.org//wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ceres2030-what-would-it-cost_.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }