Ceres2030: Sustainable Solutions to End Hunger

The Ceres2030 report argues that ending global hunger is possible through an integrated portfolio of agricultural interventions and an additional annual public investment of USD 33 billion. Using AI-driven evidence synthesis and complex economic modelling, the study identifies ten key recommendations across three categories: empowering the excluded, on-farm improvements, and value chain logistics. The report emphasizes that small-scale producers, who provide a significant portion of the global food supply, are disproportionately vulnerable to the climate crisis and economic exclusion. It concludes that donor countries must double their current annual spending on food security to USD 26 billion, while low- and middle-income countries must provide an additional USD 19 billion per year, with a particular focus on Africa, where the greatest need for resources exists.

• To end hunger and double the incomes of small-scale producers in low- and middle-income countries by 2030 while meeting Paris Agreement emissions targets, an additional USD 33 billion in public spending is needed annually. This consists of an average of USD 14 billion from donors and USD 19 billion from low- and middle-income countries through increased taxation.
• The funding gap is most acute in Africa, which requires two-thirds of the additional public spending to achieve the targets, as more than half of the global undernourished population is expected to be concentrated there by 2030.
• Membership in farmers organizations is a key driver of income growth; in a review of 24 countries, primarily in Africa and India, such membership was associated with positive income effects in 57% of cases, primarily by strengthening producers market power.
• The adoption of climate-resilient crops is most successful when supported by inclusive extension services, access to inputs, and the commercial viability of the crop varieties.
• Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the value chain, particularly in Africa, are correlated with higher technology adoption and productivity because they provide integrated 'wraparound' services such as credit, training, and market links.
• Post-harvest losses for cereals and pulses can be kept below 2% to 5% through the use of airtight containers, hermetic bags, and improved handling practices like proper drying and sorting.
• Agricultural interventions are most effective when they target a population that already meets a minimum threshold of income, education, and access to infrastructure and networks.
• There is a critical lack of high-quality, cost-specific research for policy-makers; less than 2% of the available evidence base is pertinent to the specific questions donors typically investigate, such as the cost of an intervention.
• Gender-disaggregated data in agriculture is severely lacking, with only about 10% of reviewed papers considering gender differences in outcomes, despite the fact that two-thirds of livestock keepers in low- and middle-income countries are female.

APA

Kalibata, A., & Müller, G. (2020). Ceres2030: Sustainable Solutions to End Hunger. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://ceres2030.iisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ceres2030_en-summary-report.pdf

Chicago

Kalibata, Agnes, and Gerd Müller. Ceres2030: Sustainable Solutions to End Hunger. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2020. https://ceres2030.iisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ceres2030_en-summary-report.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Kalibata |first1=Agnes |last2=Müller |first2=Gerd |title=Ceres2030: Sustainable Solutions to End Hunger |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=2020 |url=https://ceres2030.iisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ceres2030_en-summary-report.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{kalibata2020ceres2030, author = {Kalibata, Agnes and Müller, Gerd}, title = {{Ceres2030: Sustainable Solutions to End Hunger}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2020}, url = {https://ceres2030.iisd.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ceres2030_en-summary-report.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }