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The Nairobi Protocol, signed on April 21, 2004, is a regional agreement among eleven states in the Great Lakes Region and the Horn of Africa to prevent, control, and reduce the proliferation of illicit small arms and light weapons (SALW). It establishes comprehensive legal, operational, and administrative frameworks to combat illicit manufacturing and trafficking, regulate civilian and state ownership, and enhance sub-regional cooperation through information sharing and mutual legal assistance.

This briefing examines the challenges of completing the demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration (DDR) process and security sector reform (SSR) of the Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (FARDC) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It details the failures of previous DDR phases, the complexities of integrating various armed groups, and the lack of political will and donor coordination hindering the creation of a professional national army.

This 2002 situation report by the Institute for Security Studies provides a detailed overview of refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) populations across Africa. It defines the legal distinctions between refugees and IDPs, provides statistical data on populations of concern to the UNHCR as of 2000/2001, and analyzes regional trends in displacement driven by conflict, drought, and economic decline.

This research paper examines the role of the South African Gunowners Association (SAGA) in opposing prohibitionist firearm legislation in South Africa. The author argues that legal firearm ownership is a necessary deterrent against crime and mass violence, citing the 1994 Rwandan genocide as a warning against disarming civil populations. The document details the socio-economic impact of potential firearm bans on the hunting and ecotourism industries, the failure of the South African Police Services (SAPS) to provide adequate security, and the proliferation of illegal 'liberation weapons' following the transition to democracy.

This report details an experts workshop organized by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and Labor Optimus to discuss defence integration within the peace process of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The document analyzes the historical failures of Congolese military governance, the prioritization of defence integration over demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration (DDR), and the role of regional cooperation through the South African Development Community (SADC) in stabilizing the security sector.

This report documents a workshop held in Kinshasa from May 17 to 19, 2004, organized by the Institute for Security Studies (ISS) and Labor Optimus. The event brought together a delegation of SADC (Southern African Development Community) guests and officials from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) to share regional experiences on military restructuring, demobilization, disarmament, and reintegration (DDR) to support the DRC's peace process.

This research paper by Alpha Sow, Head of Office for MONUC in Bunia, evaluates the impact of the Interim Emergency Multinational Force (IEMF) and Operation ARTEMIS in the Ituri district of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It details the IEMF's role in stabilizing Bunia, the limitations imposed by its narrow mandate, and the subsequent transition to the MONUC Ituri Brigade. The author outlines three future scenarios for the region—worst-case, best-case, and most likely—and proposes a multi-layered strategy involving political, military, and humanitarian interventions to address the root causes of conflict, specifically 'greed and grievance'.

This report provides three guidance papers to support the curriculum design of the International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law, an initiative of the Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF). It focuses on the leadership roles of policymakers and senior officials, a step-by-step methodology for developing justice sector training curricula, and the use of immersive simulation scenarios for specialized rule of law training.

The provided text consists of the professional CVs and qualifications of a consultancy team proposed for the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of gas exploratory drilling in Blocks L4 and L13 in Lamu County, Kenya. It details the expertise of five specialists: an ESIA specialist, a socio-economist, a hydrologist, an environmental chemist, and a GIS specialist, listing their academic backgrounds, professional affiliations, and extensive project histories in the energy, mining, and infrastructure sectors across East Africa and beyond.

This report by ENGIE Energy Access argues that current grant funding for energy access in Sub-Saharan Africa is fragmented, insufficient, and misaligned with market realities. It proposes a strategic roadmap to refocus funding on core household electrification, optimize grant instruments for different market segments, increase the total volume and share of grants in the capital mix, and transition toward coordinated programmatic platforms to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) by 2030.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the Fourth Review of the Policy Coordination Instrument (PCI) for Rwanda on July 1, 2021, and approved a one-year extension of the program through June 27, 2023. The report assesses Rwanda's economic recovery following a 3.4 percent GDP contraction in 2020, focusing on balancing COVID-19 response measures with long-term fiscal sustainability and debt management.

This report, published by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), provides a comprehensive analysis of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM). Based on a five-year research project, it examines the processes, governance, and political dynamics of the APRM, focusing on the experiences of five 'pioneer' countries: Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Mauritius, and South Africa.

This policy brief examines the integration of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) into Africa, focusing on the shift from resource trade to infrastructure and industrial cooperation. It highlights the opportunities for regional integration and industrialization, while warning of the financial risks associated with debt-based lending and the need for African governments to ensure project viability and local capacity building.

This research paper by Elizabeth Sidiropoulos and Ross Herbert examines the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), a voluntary governance assessment tool launched by the African Union in 2002 under the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). The authors analyze the APRM's structure, its five-stage review process, and the varying degrees of civil society involvement in early participating countries, while highlighting the critical importance of publishing final reports to ensure government accountability.

This report details Austria's diplomatic, trade, and development relations with Africa, particularly in the context of its 2006 European Union Council presidency. It outlines Austria's strategic focus on North Africa via the European Neighbourhood Partnership, its limited trade with the continent compared to the EU, and its targeted development assistance in East and Southern Africa.

A keynote speech delivered by Chen Xiaodong, China's Ambassador-designate to South Africa, on October 13, 2020, detailing the evolution of China-Africa cooperation. The speech emphasizes a transition toward market-driven trade, digital economy integration, and infrastructure development, while addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the strategic importance of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).

This research paper by Yarik Turianskyi of the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) analyzes the Country Review Reports (CRRs) of the first six states to undergo the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM): Ghana, Rwanda, Kenya, Algeria, South Africa, and Benin. The author identifies a systemic gap between constitutional intentions and practical governance, arguing that a lack of 'constitutionalism' leads to executive dominance and the erosion of checks and balances.

This policy briefing by the South African Institute of International Affairs analyzes the political economy of peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), arguing that regional peace agreements are shaped by the shifting economic power between the eastern Kivus and the southern Katanga province.

This policy brief by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the gap between the African Union's (AU) normative commitments to democracy and human rights and the actual foreign policies of its member states. The author argues that strong sovereignty norms and a state-centric approach have hindered the domestication of human rights, leading to a state of 'stasis' or reversal in several countries. The brief recommends that the AU embrace global partnerships with civil society and that pivotal states like South Africa rejuvenate human rights as a core pillar of their external engagements to ensure continental stability.

This research paper examines the inclusion of women in the renewable energy (RE) value chains of Rwanda and South Africa. It identifies systemic barriers—including limited access to STEM education, a lack of gender-responsive financing, and a disconnect between policy and implementation—that prevent women from moving beyond passive roles as energy consumers into technical, managerial, and entrepreneurial positions. The document provides a three-tier gender mainstreaming toolkit to help policymakers, donors, and the private sector foster a more inclusive energy sector in Africa.