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The report 'Mapping India’s Energy Policy 2026' analyzes the fiscal impact of energy subsidies in India, highlighting a significant imbalance where fossil fuel subsidies were three times higher than clean energy subsidies in FY 25. It examines how electricity subsidies burden state budgets and utilities, the fiscal vulnerability caused by LPG import dependence during geopolitical crises, and the impact of fuel excise duty cuts on government revenue and EV adoption.

The Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET) 2026 report evaluates 21 Indian states across three dimensions: decarbonisation, power ecosystem readiness and performance, and market enablers. It finds that progress is fragmented, with no single state demonstrating consistently strong performance across all three areas, highlighting the need for coordinated, dimension-specific interventions to achieve a system-wide transition.

The Climate Policy Initiative proposes a Just Transition Financing Framework (JTFF) to support Indian states, particularly Jharkhand, in transitioning from solid fossil fuels to a clean energy economy. The framework emphasizes a four-pronged approach: evidence-based policy making, capacity building for workers and officials, technical assistance for project bankability, and the mobilization of a blend of public and private capital. By establishing a governance structure involving a Ministerial Board and a Project Management Unit, the JTFF seeks to mitigate fiscal risks and socioeconomic disruptions while fostering green economic diversification.

This report chapter details the growth of electric vehicle (EV) adoption in India between FY2020 and FY2025, highlighting the role of central and state government subsidies and the specific vehicle segments driving the transition.

This report by RMI analyzes the techno-economic pathways for green hydrogen production in India, examining 17 states to evaluate the impact of national and subnational policies on production costs. It compares various project configurations—including stand-alone on-site, CTU-connected, and STU-connected projects—and highlights the critical role of transmission charge waivers and capital subsidies in achieving cost competitiveness against grey hydrogen.

This report examines how six key Indian ports can evolve into green hydrogen hubs. It emphasizes the need for a Common User Infrastructure (CUI) framework and the strategic repurposing of existing assets like LNG terminals. While identifying barriers such as high production costs and land acquisition, it highlights that storage costs optimize at a capacity of 1.0–1.5 megatons per year.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes financial flows to India's sustainable agriculture sector for FY 2020-21 and FY 2021-22. It employs a value-chain approach to map public and private funding across upstream, farming, and downstream activities, highlighting a heavy reliance on domestic commercial bank debt and government budgets, while noting a significant gap in international finance and diversified investment instruments.

The report by Ember analyzes the strategic importance of wind energy in India's energy transition, emphasizing its complementarity with solar power to reduce reliance on thermal power during non-solar hours. It highlights the need to accelerate wind capacity deployment to meet the 14th National Electricity Plan (NEP14) targets and discusses policy interventions, economic benefits, and the potential for offshore wind and repowering.

This report by Ember analyzes the impact of India's planned expansion of coal mining on methane emissions. It projects that without mitigation, coal mine methane emissions could more than double by 2029, potentially reaching over 1.67 million tonnes per year. The report proposes a gradual mitigation roadmap to reduce emissions by 35% by 2030, which could save up to $980 million USD by replacing imported gas and significantly reduce short-term climate warming and mining safety risks.

The 2024 Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET) report, published by IEEFA and Ember, assesses the progress of 21 Indian states across three dimensions: Decarbonisation, Readiness and Performance of the Power Ecosystem, and Market Enablers. The report identifies Gujarat and Karnataka as consistent top performers, while highlighting structural challenges in states like Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. It recommends strengthening state-level regulatory frameworks and developing specific state-level transition plans to accelerate the shift toward clean electricity.

This briefing note by the Global Resilience Partnership and Transitions Research examines the landscape of urban resilience solutions in informal contexts across the Global South. Based on a review of approximately 130 solutions, the report identifies a significant gap in urban climate investment—where only 1.2% of urban climate finance flows to adaptation and resilience—and highlights that most non-governmental solutions are still in early development stages. It provides recommendations for municipalities, funders, and policymakers to scale these innovations through better coordination, hybrid financing, and the integration of informal settlements into city planning.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the annual economic implications of a low-carbon energy transition for the state of Jharkhand, India. It estimates that the cumulative annual economic impact on Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), the state government, and the local community would be INR 725.9 billion (USD 8.7 billion). The document provides a detailed breakdown of potential losses in revenue, employment, and livelihoods across the solid fossil fuel mining and power generation sectors, while recommending a comprehensive Just Transition (JT) plan to mitigate these adverse effects.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the barriers and success factors for attracting private sector capital into urban climate investments in emerging economies. It identifies obstacles across macro, city, and project levels and provides a framework of recommendations for city governments, public sector partners, and private/third sector entities to improve local enabling conditions.

This technical brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) assesses the vulnerability of five mineral-rich Indian states—Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal—to the energy transition. Using a multi-dimensional framework covering fiscal losses, physical climate risks, socioeconomic impacts, diversification potential, and political economy, the report ranks these states to identify where 'just transition' efforts should be focused. Odisha is identified as the most vulnerable state, while West Bengal is the least vulnerable among the five, although each faces distinct risks ranging from high revenue dependency to energy security concerns.

This case study describes the Urban Wage Employment Initiative (UWEI) in Odisha, India, a large-scale public works program launched during the COVID-19 pandemic to support urban poor, informal, and migrant workers. The program focused on climate-resilient infrastructure and was later institutionalized as a permanent scheme called MUKTA.

This briefing by Global Energy Monitor argues that India's plans to expand coal mining capacity are unnecessary due to chronic underutilization of existing mines and the rise of renewables. The report highlights that new projects pose severe risks to tribal communities, forests, and water security while increasing the likelihood of stranded assets as India pursues a 2070 net-zero target.

This report by Global Energy Monitor and Oxpeckers analyzes global coal mine proposals, finding that 2,277 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of new capacity is under development. This expansion is led by China, Australia, India, and Russia, and is largely inconsistent with the 1.5°C warming limit of the Paris climate agreement.

This supplementary annex to 'Mapping India’s Energy Subsidies 2021' provides detailed background and financial data for specific energy subsidies that changed significantly since 2020, covering electric buses, energy conservation, and oil and gas infrastructure and research.

This case study document describes the Land Accelerator South Asia program, a World Resources Institute (WRI) initiative launched in 2020 to support entrepreneurs developing sustainable business models for restoring degraded forests and farmlands. The document details the program's growth from a 2020 cohort of 15 businesses to a 2021 cohort of 58, and provides detailed profiles of 11 specific restoration startups operating across India and Sri Lanka.

This policy brief by RMI examines the 'undergrid minigrid' model piloted in Mokoloki, Nigeria, and discusses its potential application to improve electricity reliability for underserved rural communities in India. The model involves a privately owned solar minigrid sharing existing distribution infrastructure with a utility company to provide reliable last-mile service.