Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET): 2024

The 2024 Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET) report identifies Gujarat and Karnataka as consistent top performers in decarbonising their power sectors and preparing their market ecosystems. While some states like Delhi and Odisha show high readiness or strong market enablers, they struggle with actual decarbonisation. Conversely, states such as Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh exhibit structural challenges and slow progress across all dimensions. The report recommends strengthening state-level regulatory frameworks and developing specific subnational transition plans to address these uneven disparities.

• Gujarat and Karnataka are the most consistent top performers, demonstrating strength in integrating renewable energy, power system preparedness, and the presence of robust market enablers across two report iterations.
• Several states show a disconnect where they possess the necessary infrastructure or policy enablers but fail to achieve significant decarbonisation; notably, Odisha has strong market enablers and Delhi has a prepared power system, yet both struggle with actual emission reductions.
• Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh consistently show the slowest progress across most parameters, suggesting deep-rooted structural challenges in their electricity transitions.
• Progress is uneven across other states: Kerala and Punjab perform poorly regarding market enablers, while Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra struggle with the readiness of their power ecosystems.
• In the decarbonisation dimension, Karnataka is the top performer, with renewable energy accounting for approximately 37% of its total electricity consumption.
• Rajasthan is the highest contributor to renewable energy capacity additions among the 21 states from 2019 to February 2024, adding approximately 16GW (about 31% of the total), though its overall decarbonisation rank is mid-table due to high emissions intensity and low energy efficiency scores.
• Delhi is the top performer in power ecosystem readiness, specifically in distributed solar energy, where rooftop and off-grid solar make up 71% of its total renewable installed capacity as of February 2024.
• Odisha is the top performer in market enablers, featuring the lowest incremental green tariff rate at Rs0.25/kWh and a robust policy ecosystem for electric vehicles.
• Tamil Nadu's power ecosystem readiness is very low, primarily due to poor DISCOM performance, with the state DISCOM reporting a loss of Rs91.92 billion for FY2023.
• Bihar's renewable energy sector is underdeveloped due to outdated policy frameworks; its targets and policies have not been updated since 2017, and it achieved only 420MW of its 3433MW target by February 2024.

APA

Garg, V. (2024). Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET): 2024. Ember. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/11/Indian-States-Electricity-Transition-SET-2024.pdf

Chicago

Garg, Vibhuti. Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET): 2024. Ember, 2024. https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/11/Indian-States-Electricity-Transition-SET-2024.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Garg |first1=Vibhuti |title=Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET): 2024 |publisher=Ember |date=2024 |url=https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/11/Indian-States-Electricity-Transition-SET-2024.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{garg2024indian, author = {Garg, Vibhuti}, title = {{Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET): 2024}}, institution = {Ember}, year = {2024}, url = {https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/11/Indian-States-Electricity-Transition-SET-2024.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }