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The document outlines a two-pronged research architecture designed to analyze New Zealand-specific online extremism and international extremist activity targeting New Zealand. It defines extremism based on 'social identity' and the pursuit of in-group supremacy, focusing on far-right, far-left, and Islamist ideologies. The methodology employs a combination of qualitative ethnographic research, API-based data collection, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) for thematic classification. The authors emphasize a strict ethical framework prioritizing anonymity, the use of public data only, and the production of aggregated outputs to balance individual privacy with public safety.

The Climate Ambition Summit resulted in 45 announcements of new or updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), including ambitious targets from the EU, UK, and Denmark. However, the analysis finds that these commitments often rely on existing policies, remain conditional on unmet financial promises to developing nations, and fall short of the urgent emission cuts required by science to limit warming to 1.5°C.

The document reviews a report by Mulder et al. (2020), which was commissioned by Shell, regarding the impact of Shell's production limits on global energy consumption. The author, Peter Erickson, argues that Mulder et al. use misleading evidence to downplay the link between supply restrictions and price increases. Erickson asserts that reducing supply leads to higher prices and lower consumption, thereby reducing CO2 emissions. He further disputes the claim that other companies would simply take over Shell's licenses, citing national policy shifts in countries like Denmark and the potential for increased investment risk across the fossil fuel sector.

The Climate Change Performance Index 2021 finds that no country is currently on a path compliant with the Paris Agreement goals. While the EU improved its ranking to 16th place and countries like Sweden, the UK, and Denmark lead, major G20 emitters including the USA, Saudi Arabia, and Russia are rated 'very low'. The report highlights a divide between high-performing smaller nations and developing countries like Morocco, Chile, and India, and the lowest-performing fossil fuel producing nations.

The document examines the risks posed to UK agricultural environmental standards by new Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), particularly with the US, Australia, and New Zealand. It proposes a system of 'core' environmental standards based on environmental significance, production constraints, and cost impacts. To protect these, the author suggests several mechanisms: voluntary labelling, legally binding non-regression clauses, conditional import tariffs, and the introduction of mandatory environmental standards for imports. The briefing emphasizes the need for an independent expert body to provide the evidence base and governance required to implement these measures without breaching WTO rules.

The policy brief examines the restart of WTO agriculture negotiations under Chair Gloria Abraham Peralta, identifying seven key negotiating areas and the political obstacles hindering progress. It highlights the impact of COVID-19 on food export restrictions and the ongoing tension between developed and developing nations over farm subsidies and market access. The author suggests a phased approach to negotiations, identifying 'low-hanging fruit' such as humanitarian food aid exemptions and transparency improvements, while proposing compromise frameworks for domestic support and public stockholding to foster more equitable global food markets.

The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) reports that a wave of net zero pledges from 127 countries could reduce projected warming by 2100 to as low as 2.1°C. However, current policies still put the world on a trajectory of 2.9°C, and a significant emissions gap remains for 2030.

The report evaluates electricity data transparency in Asia and Oceania, scoring countries based on criteria such as time granularity, fuel-type breakdowns, and ease of access. It finds significant disparities in data quality, with some countries like Australia and India providing high-granularity data, while others like Indonesia, Vietnam, and Singapore suffer from poor timeliness or limited disaggregation.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) commends the Canadian government for tabling Bill C-12, the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act. The organization highlights four key strengths of the legislation: the legal enshrining of the 2050 net-zero target, a five-year milestone accountability framework, the creation of an independent science-based advisory body, and new requirements for reporting climate-related financial risks within the federal government. While supporting the act as a foundation for a resilient recovery, IISD notes that it lacks specific initiatives to reach net zero and calls for further actions, including a detailed 2030 target plan, sectoral pathways, a Just Transition Act, and a National Adaptation Plan.

The document examines the intersection of climate change and human rights, detailing how environmental degradation threatens rights to life, food, health, water, and housing. It outlines the obligations of states to respect, protect, and fulfil these rights, and the responsibilities of businesses to reduce emissions and provide remedies. The handbook specifically focuses on the role of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs), presenting case studies of their work in monitoring impacts, handling complaints, providing policy advice, and engaging in international mechanisms like the UNFCCC and the Universal Periodic Review. It highlights that nearly half of Paris Principles-compliant NHRIs have engaged in climate change work, using tools ranging from digital mapping to formal inquiries into 'carbon majors'.

The 2020 assessment of NYDF Goal 9 reveals that while nearly USD 4.7 billion in results-based finance has been committed since 2010, only 40 percent has been disbursed. The report highlights a significant gap in funding for the implementation phase of REDD+ activities and notes that carbon markets have channeled USD 2.5 billion to forests over 20 years. While private sector demand for forest carbon offsets is rising among airlines and petroleum companies, current carbon prices remain too low to meet Paris Agreement objectives. Additionally, the report details various domestic compliance schemes in countries like Australia, Canada, and China that allow for forest carbon credits.

The document highlights a significant misalignment between government energy production plans and Paris Agreement goals, noting that governments planned to extract 60% more oil, 70% more gas, and 280% more coal by 2030 than is consistent with a 1.5°C pathway. It suggests that NDCs and LT-LEDS can be used to communicate pathways, targets, and policy measures to manage the transition away from fossil fuels while ensuring a just transition for affected workers and communities.

The policy brief analyzes the socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities of Latin America exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It argues that traditional economic reactivation measures risk perpetuating structural crises and instead proposes a 'just and resilient recovery' based on four principles: climate action, decent employment, social inclusion, and long-term financing. The document outlines four priorities for governments: applying the 'no-regression' principle to avoid environmental deregulation, ensuring short-term measures align with long-term sustainability, maximizing investment in strategic sustainable sectors (such as renewable energy and regenerative agriculture), and increasing systemic resilience through economic diversification and new progress indicators beyond GDP.

The labelled green loan market in Australia and New Zealand is in its early stages, with 14 labelled green corporate loans recorded since 2018. While the loan market is significantly larger than the bond market, labelled bonds have historically led in sustainable finance. Growth is being driven by bank green lending targets, increasing ESG awareness among corporates, and institutional investor demand. The report highlights the potential for green loans to fund early-stage projects and the rise of sustainability-linked loans (SLLs), which incentivise overall corporate ESG performance rather than specific assets. It also notes the expansion of green consumer loans, particularly for energy-efficient homes and electric vehicles, and suggests regulatory incentives and improved corporate ESG frameworks to accelerate market development.

The document explores the precautionary principle as a guide for decision-makers to protect the environment and public health despite scientific uncertainty. It traces the principle's origins from Swedish national law and the 1972 Stockholm Conference to its formalization in the 1992 Rio Declaration and integration into the EU's Maastricht Treaty. The text highlights the principle's role in addressing climate change and biodiversity, while noting the ongoing tension between environmental precaution and economic development.

The white paper argues that current fossil fuel data is fragmented and inaccessible, hindering the global effort to phase out production. It proposes a government-led, transparent registry to set a global baseline of reserves and resources, enabling strategic planning for a just transition. The proposal outlines minimum reporting requirements—including developed reserves, other reserves, and licensed resources—and suggests potential hosting arrangements such as the UNEP or UNFCCC Secretariat.

The report identifies the COVID-19 pandemic as a 'dress rehearsal' for climate change impacts on the global food system, highlighting the vulnerability of producers and the informal food sector. While essential services and large retailers maintained operations, the crisis exposed systemic inequalities and the brittleness of efficient supply chains, leading to increased food waste. The document emphasizes the need for a post-pandemic 'new norm' characterized by pre-competitive collaboration, integrated sustainability, and a shift toward e-commerce to ensure food security and resilience.

ClientEarth urges the European Commission to implement strict, mandatory regulations on methane emissions across the fossil fuel and agriculture sectors. The organization argues that the EU, as the world's largest importer of fossil gas, has the commercial power to mandate low-emission supply chains. Key recommendations include expanding the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) to cover methane, introducing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) for methane-emitting imports, and reforming the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) to end subsidies for intensive livestock production. ClientEarth also highlights the health risks of indoor gas appliances and the need to counter industry misinformation by replacing the term 'natural gas' with 'fossil gas'.

The report examines how MSMEs are integrated into regional and multilateral trade frameworks, noting a trend toward more sophisticated but often non-binding 'goodwill' provisions in newer 'next-generation' agreements. It highlights specific areas of support such as trade facilitation, public procurement, and e-commerce, while noting a persistent gap in the explicit integration of gender-specific MSME support.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of the WTO's efforts to discipline fisheries subsidies. It details three main pillars: prohibiting subsidies for IUU fishing, addressing subsidies for overexploited fish stocks, and tackling overcapacity and overfishing. The brief outlines the current areas of convergence, such as the use of FAO definitions for IUU fishing, and the remaining points of contention, including the specific triggers for subsidy prohibitions, the level of deference given to national or regional determinations, and the appropriate special and differential treatment for developing countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs).