Goal 9 assessment

The 2020 assessment of NYDF Goal 9 reveals that while nearly USD 4.7 billion in results-based finance has been committed since 2010, only 40 percent has been disbursed. The report highlights a significant gap in funding for the implementation phase of REDD+ activities and notes that carbon markets have channeled USD 2.5 billion to forests over 20 years. While private sector demand for forest carbon offsets is rising among airlines and petroleum companies, current carbon prices remain too low to meet Paris Agreement objectives. Additionally, the report details various domestic compliance schemes in countries like Australia, Canada, and China that allow for forest carbon credits.

• Since 2010, bilateral and multilateral sources have committed nearly USD 4.7 billion in results-based finance for forests. As of April 2020, 40 percent of these commitments, totaling USD 1.9 billion, have been disbursed.
• The disbursement of results-based finance has increased significantly in recent years, with annual disbursements rising to over USD 260 million, compared to USD 85 million in 2017.
• Progress in signing Emission Reductions Payment Agreements (ERPAs) is slow; only four of the 18 countries in the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility’s Carbon Fund—Chile, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, and Mozambique—have reached this stage.
• A critical funding gap exists for the second phase (program implementation) of REDD+ activities, as most donor finance is concentrated in the readiness stage or the final payment for achieved reductions.
• Carbon markets have provided USD 2.5 billion to forest projects and programs over the last 20 years. In 2018, forest and land-use projects accounted for over half of all voluntary carbon market transaction volumes, valued at USD 171.9 million.
• Current voluntary market prices for forest carbon credits, which averaged USD 3.2 per credit in 2018, are far below the USD 40-80 per ton CO2e estimated by the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices as necessary for 2020.
• Major corporate emitters in the aviation and petroleum sectors are increasing their use of forest offsets. For example, Shell announced a USD 300 million investment in natural ecosystems, and Total committed USD 100 million annually to forest protection and reforestation.
• Various domestic compliance schemes allow forest credits, with prices varying widely from approximately USD 1 per tCO2e in China's ETS to USD 85 in Switzerland's scheme.

APA

Galt, H., & Long, I. (2020). Goal 9 assessment. Forest Declaration Assessment. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2020NYDFGoal9.pdf

Chicago

Galt, Hilda, and Imogen Long. Goal 9 assessment. Forest Declaration Assessment, 2020. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2020NYDFGoal9.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Galt |first1=Hilda |last2=Long |first2=Imogen |title=Goal 9 assessment |publisher=Forest Declaration Assessment |date=November 2020 |url=https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2020NYDFGoal9.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{galt2020goal, author = {Galt, Hilda and Long, Imogen}, title = {{Goal 9 assessment}}, institution = {Forest Declaration Assessment}, year = {2020}, month = nov, url = {https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/2020NYDFGoal9.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }