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This discussion paper analyzes the barriers to adopting climate risk insurance in municipalities within emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), where over 90% of losses remain uninsured. It identifies parametric insurance as a key solution due to its rapid payouts and simpler structure. The paper highlights a significant collaboration gap in the current ecosystem, where few programs engage directly with cities. To address this, it proposes three priority actions: establishing premium support mechanisms, enhancing municipal risk-layering capacity, and reforming regulatory environments to make insurance more affordable and financially viable.

This research paper proposes 'transition compacts'—negotiated, sector-specific packages bundling trade disciplines, investment, technology transfer, and transition timelines—as a more equitable alternative to the current patchwork of unilateral green industrial policies and carbon border adjustments. The author argues that existing frameworks, including the WTO and Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs), suffer from structural flaws or a lack of binding equity provisions, whereas transition compacts would link market access to verified emissions performance and binding support for developing nations.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics, in partnership with the Global Offshore Wind Alliance and Ocean Conservancy, examines the potential for offshore wind and marine energy in Africa. It highlights that the continent's 30,500-kilometre coastline could support 6,750 GW of offshore wind, which could significantly exceed current power generation capacity and provide substantial economic and environmental benefits if scaled.

This research paper by Jakkie Cilliers analyzes the state of governance in Africa, comparing its security, capacity, and inclusion metrics against the rest of the world. It examines the relationship between governance quality, stability, and economic development, highlighting the risks associated with autocratic leadership and the role of democratic institutions as shock absorbers.

This introductory research paper provides a geographic, political, and demographic overview of Zimbabwe, detailing its landlocked position in Southern Africa, its ethnic composition, and its transition from independence in 1980 through the leadership of Robert Mugabe to Emmerson Mnangagwa.

This research paper outlines a 'Governance scenario' for Africa, modeling the potential socio-economic impacts of improvements in stability, government capacity, and inclusion by 2043. It specifically examines how digital technology can enable direct cash transfer programs to replace inefficient subsidies and forecasts significant gains in GDP and poverty reduction across the continent.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that the 11th Our Ocean Conference in Mombasa, Kenya, must address the root cause of ocean degradation by confronting the expansion of offshore oil and gas and rejecting speculative marine geoengineering technologies.

This working paper from the International Institute for Sustainable Development introduces a framework for an intersectional approach to Climate Risk Assessments (CRAs). The approach aims to move beyond simple identification of vulnerable groups to analyze how overlapping systems of inequity create structural barriers that increase climate vulnerability.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines global 'wildcards' and megatrends—including great-power instability, generative AI, and the biosphere crisis—that could disrupt future scenarios for Africa and the world by 2043.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines how renewable energy infrastructure developed for mining operations can be leveraged to enhance local content policy, energy access, and community resilience, providing policy recommendations for governments to align mining and development goals.

The Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT) V1.1 Methodology Document Annexes provide detailed process-based guidance and worked examples for assessing adapting measures, adapted activities, enabling measures, and enabling activities to ensure they contribute substantially to climate resilience.

The Climate Bonds Initiative's Q1 2026 report details the state of the global aligned GSS+ (Green, Social, Sustainability, and Sustainability-linked) debt market. As of March 2026, the cumulative aligned volume reached USD 6,986.0 billion, with green-labelled debt remaining the dominant theme. While the overall market saw a 9% decline in supply compared to Q1 2025 on a like-for-like basis, specific regions like France and Germany showed strong activity in social and green bonds, respectively.

The State of ClimateTech in Africa 2.0 is a report by FSD Africa and partners that analyzes the evolution of the African ClimateTech ecosystem between 2016 and 2025. Moving beyond aggregate funding totals, the report employs a new application-led taxonomy and an adapted Carlota Perez techno-economic framework to demonstrate that African ClimateTech is not a single market but a collection of applications maturing at different speeds. It highlights deep concentrations of capital in the Energy and Mobility sectors and identifies critical financing gaps—particularly in early-stage equity and working capital—that constrain the growth of asset-heavy and adaptation-focused ventures.

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Democratic Republic of the Congo's (DR Congo) socio-economic landscape, forecasting development trajectories to 2043. It evaluates a 'Current Path' (business as usual) against eight sectoral scenarios—including agriculture, manufacturing, and governance—and a 'Combined scenario' to identify pathways for inclusive growth and poverty reduction.

The Boom and Bust Coal 2026 report by Global Energy Monitor analyzes global coal power capacity trends in 2025, noting a decoupling where new capacity additions increased while overall electricity generation declined. The report highlights that coal commissioning is increasingly concentrated in China and India, while other nations see a shrinking pipeline of new projects.

This report provides a 'Current Path' development forecast for sub-Saharan Africa from 2019 to 2043, utilizing the International Futures (IFs) platform. It analyzes demographic shifts, economic growth, poverty trends, and energy transitions, projecting a region with significant population growth, increasing urbanization, and a shift toward manufacturing and renewable energy, despite persistent challenges with food insecurity and carbon emissions.

This research paper by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the scale, impact, and future projections of remittance flows to Africa. It examines how these funds support households and macroeconomic stability, while also warning of potential 'remittance traps' and 'Dutch disease' that can hinder long-term economic growth and government accountability.

The report forecasts that a 'Combined Agenda 2063 scenario' would nearly double sub-Saharan Africa's economy by 2043 compared to the current path, increasing GDP per capita to US$9,798 and significantly reducing extreme poverty to 7.3%. While services and manufacturing are expected to drive the most GDP growth, the scenario also predicts an increase in carbon emissions to 892 million tons by 2043.

This research paper analyzes illicit financial flows (IFFs) in Africa, estimating that approximately US$89 billion leaves the continent annually. It identifies multinational commercial activities (65%) and criminal/corrupt activities (35%) as the primary drivers. The document highlights the resulting deficits in health and education spending and critiques the US as a secrecy jurisdiction. It evaluates efforts to combat IFFs through the African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF), the EITI, and the OECD/G20 BEPS framework, noting that African nations seek a higher global minimum corporate tax rate of 20%.

The report explores how Africa can 'leapfrog' traditional development stages by adopting decentralised renewable energy, mobile-first digital infrastructure, and AI. It highlights the success of mobile money (e.g., M-Pesa) and the potential for solar mini-grids to close the energy gap. A projected 'Large Infrastructure and Leapfrogging' scenario suggests that by 2050, such strategic investments could increase GDP per capita by US$510, reduce extreme poverty by 63 million people, and expand the overall economy by nearly US$1 trillion compared to current trends.