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This briefing examines the limitations of Just Energy Transition Partnerships (JETPs) and proposes South-South cooperation as a complementary approach to advance sustainable and equitable transitions in low- and middle-income countries, specifically highlighting potential collaboration between South Africa and Colombia.

This policy brief by Transforma and Diorama Initiative analyzes the macroeconomic, financial, and social risks of Colombia's energy transition. It warns that a disordered transition could lead to significant job losses and fiscal instability due to the country's high dependence on fossil fuels. The document proposes an integrated policy framework consisting of macro-fiscal, labor, and productive-territorial packages to transform the energy transition into a broader strategy for just economic diversification.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines how Colombia can redesign its renewable energy auctions to foster a just and inclusive energy transition. It proposes integrating non-price socioeconomic criteria and specific mechanisms to support community energy projects, moving away from previous auction models that focused exclusively on price and led to social conflicts and project delays.

This policy brief from the Stockholm Environment Institute provides a snapshot of the wind and solar energy landscape in Colombia as of early 2025, detailing capacity growth, approved projects, and the financial and social challenges facing the energy transition.

This research paper examines how Colombia can redesign its renewable energy auctions to foster a just energy transition by integrating socio-economic and community-driven objectives. It argues that previous price-based auctions led to project concentrations in resource-rich areas like La Guajira, causing social conflicts and delays. The authors propose two main pathways: enhancing benefit-sharing and community engagement for large-scale projects through multicriteria award mechanisms, and scaling up energy communities via a reserved auction quota (adhesion process) and a dedicated support agency.

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the solar and wind energy landscape in Colombia as of early 2025. It details the current installed capacity, growth projections, the institutional and regulatory framework, and the financial challenges facing the sector. A significant focus is placed on the government's initiative to establish 'energy communities' to democratize energy access, as well as the socio-environmental and equity challenges associated with large-scale renewable projects, particularly in regions like La Guajira.

This guide by Transforma provides a foundational explanation of energy concepts, the electricity market, and the process of a just energy transition (JET) in Colombia. It aims to demystify technical terms and combat misinformation to encourage public participation in shifting from fossil fuels to sustainable energy sources.

This case study analyzes the socio-economic crisis in La Jagua de Ibirico, Colombia, following the 2020 closure of a major coal mine. It highlights how the resulting loss of resources severely limits the institutional and financial capacity of local authorities to lead a just transition in a region already burdened by armed conflict and social inequality.

This policy brief identifies critical barriers to a just transition from thermal coal in Colombia, highlighting a gap between government commitments and the resources available. It emphasizes the need for concrete local investments and institutional capacity building in regions like Cesar and La Guajira, while noting conflicting visions between community/labour groups and mining interests.

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the economic, institutional, environmental, and socio-cultural barriers to a just energy transition from thermal coal in Colombia, specifically focusing on the Caribbean regions of Cesar and La Guajira.

This report, published by the Stockholm Environment Institute in March 2024, provides a comprehensive long-term energy planning framework for Colombia from 2022 to 2052. It outlines the evolution of National Energy Plans (PEN), analyzes the current public policy landscape, and models five distinct energy scenarios: Actualización, Modernización, Inflexión, Innovación, and Transición Energética. The document details the technical and economic assumptions for energy demand and supply across the residential, tertiary, industrial, and transport sectors, while evaluating the role of strategic minerals and the cost-benefit ratios of various energy efficiency and substitution measures.

This report examines the power dynamics and distribution policies influencing the phase-out of coal in the Colombian Caribbean, as part of a comparative study with South Africa and Indonesia on just energy transitions in Global South coal-producing countries.

This report by Transforma evaluates the implementation of Colombian national policies aimed at integrating non-conventional renewable energy sources (FNCER) and phasing out fossil fuels in electricity generation. Using the 'Implementation Check' methodology from Climate Transparency, the document analyzes key legislation, including Law 1715 of 2014 and Law 2169 of 2021, finding that while legal frameworks are strong, overall implementation is rated as 'medium' due to gaps in execution, social conflicts, and a lack of alignment between international commitments and national plans.

A 2022 guide for journalists to cover environmental issues during Colombia's presidential elections, highlighting critical areas such as Amazonian deforestation, the energy transition away from fossil fuels, and the protection of environmental defenders.

This briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the structural decline of the coal mining sector in Colombia, using the 2020 crisis and the surrender of mining titles by Prodeco as evidence of the challenges facing a just transition toward a decarbonized economy.

This policy brief analyzes the fiscal implications of the gradual phase-out of coal production in Colombia, focusing on the role of royalties and the economic vulnerability of producing regions like Cesar and La Guajira. It examines production trends, international trade dynamics, and the impact of the General Royalties System (SGR) reform, concluding that current policy measures are insufficient to offset the projected decline in coal demand and revenue.

This policy brief by Transforma argues for a planned, inclusive phase-out of coal mining in Colombia using a 'just transition' framework. It highlights the vulnerability of the national and regional economies to declining global coal demand and recommends diversifying the economy toward low-carbon assets, addressing historical socio-environmental liabilities, and expanding social protections beyond simple employment metrics to include regional development and climate justice.

The 2020 Energy Trilemma Index for Colombia analyzes the electricity sector across its departments, highlighting a strong dependence on hydroelectric power (72% of the national matrix) and significant regional disparities. While departments like Antioquia, Boyacá, and La Guajira show high energy security, there are stark gaps in energy equity, particularly between the National Interconnected System (SIN) and Non-Interconnected Zones (ZNI). The report also notes that environmental sustainability is compromised in departments relying on fossil fuels, with Casanare and Atlántico recording high CO2 emissions per capita.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International advocates for a legally binding UN treaty to regulate transnational corporations (TNCs) and end their impunity regarding human rights, environmental, and labor violations. It highlights specific cases in Latin America, Africa, and Asia where corporate power and investment treaties have been used to bypass national laws or obstruct justice for affected communities.

A statement by Friends of the Earth calling for a legally binding UN treaty to hold transnational corporations accountable for human rights and environmental abuses, using the Rio Doce watershed disaster and other corporate crimes as evidence of the failure of voluntary guidelines.