Transisi berkeadilan dari batu bara di Kolombia

This policy brief by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the economic, institutional, environmental, and socio-cultural barriers to a just energy transition from thermal coal in Colombia, specifically focusing on the Caribbean regions of Cesar and La Guajira.

• Coal is a critical source of national and regional revenue in Colombia, creating significant fiscal resistance to a transition. Nationally, coal exports account for 2.4% of total fiscal revenue, with coal royalties making up over 80% of all mining sector royalties. Regionally, the dependence is even higher, with coal contributing nearly 43% of departmental revenue in Cesar and 61% in La Guajira during 2019 and 2020. Some municipalities, such as Becerril, relied on coal royalties for up to 79% of their budgets in 2021.
• Local and regional governments lack the institutional capacity and financial mechanisms to manage a just transition. Issues include corruption, poor investment impact, and difficulties in managing budgets and infrastructure projects. Sudden mine closures, such as in La Jagua de Ibirico, Cesar, have severely reduced local revenues, paralyzing municipalities facing simultaneous social, economic, and environmental crises.
• Environmental regulations for mine closures in Colombia are inadequate, often only covering a three-year post-closure period, which leaves long-term environmental liabilities unaddressed. Large-scale mining has caused air and water pollution, habitat destruction, and water diversion, with local communities bearing the costs while being excluded from decision-making processes due to centralized permitting.
• Socio-cultural barriers, including high levels of violence, human rights violations, and a fragile civic space, hinder the transition. Marginalized groups, specifically Indigenous and Afro-Colombian populations, are often excluded from post-coal development planning despite their rights to prior consultation under ILO Convention 169. Additionally, there is a lack of gender-differentiated data regarding the impacts of the transition.
• While Cesar and La Guajira have significant potential for wind and solar energy and tourism, these sectors are unlikely to fully offset the economic losses from the decline of coal. A just transition requires a shift from corporate-driven models to inclusive, socio-ecological transformations that respect territorial sovereignty and cultural diversity.
• Colombia is the only country among the three studied (which also included Indonesia and South Africa) that does not have a Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) for bilateral cooperation, highlighting a need for increased international investment and development support.

APA

Arond, E., Vega-Araújo, J., Niño, J. P., & Patzy, F. (2024). Transisi berkeadilan dari batu bara di Kolombia. Stockholm Environment Institute. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-kolombia.pdf

Chicago

Arond, Elisa, José Vega-Araújo, Juliana Peña Niño, and Fernando Patzy. Transisi berkeadilan dari batu bara di Kolombia. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2024. https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-kolombia.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Arond |first1=Elisa |last2=Vega-Araújo |first2=José |last3=Niño |first3=Juliana Peña |last4=Patzy |first4=Fernando |title=Transisi berkeadilan dari batu bara di Kolombia |publisher=Stockholm Environment Institute |date=October 2024 |url=https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-kolombia.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{arond2024transisi, author = {Arond, Elisa and Vega-Araújo, José and Niño, Juliana Peña and Patzy, Fernando}, title = {{Transisi berkeadilan dari batu bara di Kolombia}}, institution = {Stockholm Environment Institute}, year = {2024}, month = oct, url = {https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/transisi-berkeadilan-batu-bara-kolombia.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }