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The Canadian Climate Institute proposes that Canada's commitment of over $13 billion in climate finance over the next five years should be treated as a strategic investment to diversify trade beyond the US market. The author suggests a three-pillar approach: increasing the global presence of Canadian clean energy expertise, establishing strategic partnerships based on host-country priorities, and ensuring high-integrity climate results through rigorous measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV). The document advocates for a governance framework that integrates climate finance with carbon markets and project development to mobilize private capital and create new export opportunities for Canadian technologies and services.

The Canadian Climate Institute proposes that Canada's commitment to provide over $13 billion in climate-related support over five years should be treated as a strategic investment rather than traditional development assistance. The author suggests three pillars for this approach: scaling Canadian clean expertise abroad to create new markets, building strategic partnerships based on host-country priorities, and ensuring high-integrity climate outcomes through robust measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV). The document advocates for the use of outcome-based finance and international carbon markets to mobilize private capital and reduce reliance on untied funding to international financial institutions.

The F-List 2026 identifies 1,321 contracts between 802 agencies and 386 fossil fuel clients across 73 countries. The report argues that creative agencies facilitate a 'creative cover-up' by positioning fossil fuels as essential for energy security and economic stability, while often ignoring the 'advertised emissions' generated by these campaigns in their own sustainability reporting. Key findings highlight that Omnicom holds the highest number of fossil fuel contracts ever recorded (118), while Edelman is identified as having the highest financial dependency on fossil fuel income among holding companies at an estimated 5.64% of revenue. The report also notes a trend of using natural gas as a 'driver of progress' in recent campaigns in Japan and Colombia.

The meat industry is identified as responsible for two-thirds or more of Australia's annual deforestation of over 700,000 acres. This land clearing, driven by cattle production for export to markets including the US, Japan, and Korea, results in the annual death or displacement of 50 to 100 million native animals and contributes to the degradation of the Great Barrier Reef through erosion and runoff. The author highlights a 'loophole' where Australian beef is often exempt from the conservation policies that companies apply to other regions like the Amazon.

AstraZeneca has transitioned over 80% of its global fleet of more than 22,000 vehicles to zero-emission models, with 37 markets now fully electrified. By prioritizing battery electric vehicles (BEVs) over hybrids from 2022 and implementing a market-by-market assessment, the company reduced its fleet emissions from 92.5 kTCO₂e in 2015 to 15.9 kTCO₂e in 2025. The strategy combined top-down targets, embedded in senior managers' objectives, with bottom-up change management, including training and funding for home charging, to overcome operational concerns among the sales force.

The document reports that non-fossil sources reached a record 46.2% of the global electricity mix in April, with wind and solar accounting for 21.3%. It discusses how the instability of the Strait of Hormuz has exposed the fragility of fossil fuel supply chains, prompting countries like China, Poland, and the Philippines to accelerate electrification and renewable energy adoption. Despite this, global fossil fuel subsidies are expected to exceed USD 1 trillion this year, and major energy firms like Shell and BP are pivoting back toward traditional oil and gas models. The text also notes the climate risks evidenced by record heatwaves in Europe and record global carbon emissions in 2025.

The report details a 50-year campaign by the natural gas industry to brand its product as "clean energy" and a "bridge fuel." It argues that this was a strategic fraud designed to protect residential markets from electrification and later to facilitate a massive expansion of infrastructure. The document highlights the role of industry-funded research, specifically the Gas Research Institute (GRI), and a flawed 1996 joint study with the EPA that underestimated methane emissions to legitimize gas as a climate solution. It further describes how the industry used voluntary programs like Natural Gas STAR to fend off mandatory regulations and co-opted environmental organizations to lend credibility to its claims.

The study concludes that an EU prohibition on deep-sea minerals is legally feasible under Article 192(1) TFEU and potentially justifiable under WTO law via Article XX GATT, provided the measure is comprehensive, non-discriminatory, and grounded in the precautionary principle.

Japan has become a major global LNG trader, significantly increasing its resales of US-sourced LNG to Asian markets between 2021 and 2025. This trade pattern, supported by Japanese government initiatives and financing, contributes to substantial lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. The analysis shows that 16.5 billion kg of US LNG resold by Japan to Asia released 63.5 billion kg of CO2, with methane leaks and combustion being the primary drivers. The document argues that promoting LNG infrastructure in Asia risks locking in fossil fuel dependence and exacerbating climate-induced disasters in a region already vulnerable to extreme weather.

This fact sheet from the Environmental and Energy Study Institute describes the role of cobalt as a critical mineral for the clean energy transition, detailing its applications in lithium-ion batteries, global distribution of reserves and production, and the significant human rights and environmental impacts associated with its extraction, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The report posits that Asia is leading a 'Great Convergence' with the West by leveraging its position as the world's manufacturing hub to drive an electric energy transition. It highlights that Asia has driven three quarters of global electricity growth since 2000 and now produces the majority of the world's solar panels, batteries, and electric vehicles. The document argues that while a lack of oil and gas was previously a weakness, it has become a strategic advantage in an era where energy is defined by technology rather than commodities. This transition is further accelerated by 'fossil shocks,' including the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and the 2022 energy crisis, which push the region toward energy security through electrotechnology.

The share of gas in the global power mix fell for the fifth consecutive year in 2025, dropping from 23.9% in 2020 to 21.8%. While absolute global gas generation has not yet peaked, its growth rate slowed from 2.9% (2016-2020) to 1.6% (2021-2025) as solar and wind met approximately 68% of global electricity demand growth over the last five years. By 2025, 61 out of 124 gas-generating economies had passed their historical gas generation peaks. In the G7, renewable power (2,544 TWh) nearly equaled gas power (2,577 TWh) in 2025. Conversely, gas remains central to the power sectors of the US and Canada, and continues to support demand in parts of North and West Africa.

The closure of the Strait of Hormuz during the Iran war has triggered a global energy crisis, causing Brent crude to reach USD 138/barrel and spiking natural gas prices, particularly in Asia. This disruption has led to increased food and fertiliser prices, slowed global GDP growth, and strained national budgets through increased fossil fuel subsidies. In response, 26 countries and regions have implemented clean energy measures, with Asia leading in both vulnerability to supply shocks and the acceleration of clean technology investments and deployments.

The document defines the demographic dividend as the economic opportunity arising from a shift in the ratio of working-age people to dependents. It outlines specific metrics for identifying this window—such as a working-age to dependent ratio of 1.7:1 or a total fertility rate of 2.8 children per woman—and argues that the dividend is not automatic but requires supporting policies in health, education, and governance. Comparing global trajectories, it notes that high-income countries entered this window in 1966, while low-income countries are expected to enter in 2054. The text highlights that Nigeria is projected to reach a 1.7:1 ratio by approximately 2058 and peak around 2092, suggesting a much later and more moderate income growth potential compared to China or India.

The report identifies several disruptive factors that could alter global trajectories, including the potential implosion of major powers like the US or China, the risks of generative AI, and the accelerating biosphere crisis. It highlights Africa's extreme vulnerability to climate change and warns that AI may exacerbate economic inequality and state surveillance. The text also notes a growing divide between the West and the Global South, driven by perceived self-centeredness during the COVID-19 pandemic and differing geopolitical responses to conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza.

The report finds that between 2019 and 2025, 240 global banks provided US$590.8 billion to the top fifteen petrochemical companies, with a high concentration of funding from US, Japanese, Chinese, German, and UK institutions. Institutional investors held US$146.6 billion in exposure to these companies as of September 2025, dominated by US-based asset managers like Vanguard and BlackRock. The document argues that this financing persists despite structural risks such as overcapacity and collapsing profit margins, and often contradicts the public climate commitments of the financial institutions involved.

The EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) transitioned from a reporting-only phase to a definitive period on January 1, 2026, introducing financial liabilities for importers of iron, steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, electricity, and hydrogen. Exporters must now provide verified actual emissions data to avoid high default values, which include annual markups of +10% in 2026, +20% in 2027, and +30% from 2028 onward. Financial liability is calculated based on embedded emissions, adjusted by a Free Allocation Adjustment (FAA) that phases out by 2034, and monetized through CBAM certificates linked to EU ETS prices. The guide emphasizes that verified actual emissions and documentation of carbon prices paid in the country of origin are critical for maintaining competitiveness and reducing costs.

The 17th edition of the Banking on Climate Chaos report finds that the world's largest banks committed $906 billion to fossil fuel companies in 2025, an 8% increase from 2024. Financing for fossil fuel expansion rose by over 27% to $508 billion. The report highlights a high concentration of finance, with a 'Dirty Dozen' of banks providing nearly 39% of global fossil deals. It also notes a trend of policy backsliding, where banks are weakening climate commitments and abandoning net-zero targets, particularly in the US. The report argues that this financing amplifies energy instability and inequality, especially during geopolitical crises like the 2026 US-Israel war on Iran.

The global ocean economy reached USD 2.6 trillion in gross value added in 2020, yet investment in its sustainable transition remains critically low. While tracked ocean finance flows grew to USD 9.18 billion in 2023, this represents less than 2% of the estimated USD 550 billion needed annually by 2030. Financing is heavily reliant on official development assistance (ODA), which accounted for 55% of flows in 2023, but recent ODA cuts by major donors like Germany, the US, the UK, Japan, and France threaten progress. Most funding has historically targeted maritime transport, fisheries, and marine protection, while decarbonisation and adaptation sectors, such as offshore energy and disaster preparedness, remain underfunded. Despite this, investing in the ocean-climate nexus could reduce the 2050 emissions gap by 35% on a 1.5°C pathway and yield global benefits five times the value of the investment.

The Asia-Pacific region is experiencing rapid renewable energy growth and rising electricity demand, which increases grid variability. Simultaneously, escalating climate extremes—such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods—create operational disruptions. The report argues that traditional reactive repairs and infrastructure hardening are insufficient, advocating for 'systemic adaptation' that accounts for cross-sector interdependencies. AI is presented as a critical tool to scale this adaptation by fusing fragmented datasets, orchestrating siloed analytical models, and augmenting decision-making under complexity.