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This policy brief by RMI evaluates the techno-economic potential of hydrogen trucking in India, comparing fuel cell electric trucks (FCETs) and hydrogen internal combustion engine (ICE) trucks against diesel, battery electric (BET), and LNG alternatives. The analysis finds that while FCETs are projected to be more cost-competitive than diesel for long-haul, heavy-duty applications by 2040, they currently face high total cost of ownership (TCO) due to expensive hydrogen fuel, infrastructure, and taxation. The document recommends a coordinated roadmap involving policy incentives, strategic infrastructure planning, and tailored financial solutions to enable hydrogen to complement electrification in decarbonizing India's freight sector.

This report by the World Resources Institute examines financing models for the electrification of health facilities in India and Kenya using decentralized renewable energy (DRE), specifically solar photovoltaics and battery storage. It analyzes three primary models—asset ownership, lease-to-own, and energy-as-a-service—highlighting the need to shift from a reliance on upfront grants toward innovative, shared-risk financing to ensure long-term operational sustainability and maintenance.

The Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET) 2026 report evaluates 21 Indian states across three dimensions: decarbonisation, power ecosystem readiness and performance, and market enablers. It finds that progress is fragmented, with no single state demonstrating consistently strong performance across all three areas, highlighting the need for coordinated, dimension-specific interventions to achieve a system-wide transition.

The Climate Policy Initiative proposes a Just Transition Financing Framework (JTFF) to support Indian states, particularly Jharkhand, in transitioning from solid fossil fuels to a clean energy economy. The framework emphasizes a four-pronged approach: evidence-based policy making, capacity building for workers and officials, technical assistance for project bankability, and the mobilization of a blend of public and private capital. By establishing a governance structure involving a Ministerial Board and a Project Management Unit, the JTFF seeks to mitigate fiscal risks and socioeconomic disruptions while fostering green economic diversification.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development maps energy support and revenues in Chhattisgarh, India, from fiscal years (FY) 2020 to 2024. It analyzes the distribution of subsidies and public sector investments across fossil fuels and clean energy, highlighting a significant imbalance where fossil fuel subsidies are four times higher than those for clean energy.

This appendix provides a detailed mapping of public financial flow schemes and subsidies for the energy transition in Chhattisgarh, India, covering the period from FY 2020 to FY 2024. It details Union and State government funding across electricity transmission and distribution (T&D), coal, oil and gas (O&G), renewable energy, electric vehicles (EVs), and bioenergy.

This report by Global Energy Monitor (GEM) analyzes the potential for repurposing abandoned and soon-to-be-closed surface coal mines into solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants. It argues that these sites are ideal for solar development due to their existing proximity to grid infrastructure and the need for land reclamation, offering a pathway to align clean energy goals with local job creation and environmental restoration.

The report 'Clean Air, Healthy Lives' outlines a strategic framework for health ministries to address the global air pollution crisis, which causes 7 million premature deaths annually. It advocates for the use of Health Impact Assessments (HIA) and tools like WHO's AirQ+ to quantify health burdens and drive policy. Through case studies from India, Singapore, the Philippines, South Africa, and Trinidad and Tobago, the document demonstrates the efficacy of solarising health centers, establishing inter-agency task forces, and using community-led litigation to enforce clean air standards.

The report "Aire limpio, vidas saludables" provides a policy roadmap for health systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to integrate air pollution responses. It emphasizes the role of health ministries in leading intersectoral collaboration, utilizing health impact assessments, and strengthening infrastructure to mitigate the severe health and economic burdens of air pollution.

This research paper examines the adoption of electricity markets in Indian states to facilitate the clean energy transition. It finds that while real-time markets are growing, overall market penetration remains low (7% of demand) due to inflexible long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs), unpredictable pricing, and poor forecasting. The paper highlights that states like Gujarat and Tamil Nadu could achieve significant cost savings by shifting toward day-ahead markets and recommends PPA renegotiation, the introduction of ancillary services, and coordinated resource adequacy planning.

The 2024 Indian States’ Electricity Transition (SET) report, published by IEEFA and Ember, assesses the progress of 21 Indian states across three dimensions: Decarbonisation, Readiness and Performance of the Power Ecosystem, and Market Enablers. The report identifies Gujarat and Karnataka as consistent top performers, while highlighting structural challenges in states like Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. It recommends strengthening state-level regulatory frameworks and developing specific state-level transition plans to accelerate the shift toward clean electricity.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) analyzes the annual economic implications of a low-carbon energy transition for the state of Jharkhand, India. It estimates that the cumulative annual economic impact on Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), the state government, and the local community would be INR 725.9 billion (USD 8.7 billion). The document provides a detailed breakdown of potential losses in revenue, employment, and livelihoods across the solid fossil fuel mining and power generation sectors, while recommending a comprehensive Just Transition (JT) plan to mitigate these adverse effects.

This technical brief by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) assesses the vulnerability of five mineral-rich Indian states—Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and West Bengal—to the energy transition. Using a multi-dimensional framework covering fiscal losses, physical climate risks, socioeconomic impacts, diversification potential, and political economy, the report ranks these states to identify where 'just transition' efforts should be focused. Odisha is identified as the most vulnerable state, while West Bengal is the least vulnerable among the five, although each faces distinct risks ranging from high revenue dependency to energy security concerns.

This briefing by Global Energy Monitor argues that India's plans to expand coal mining capacity are unnecessary due to chronic underutilization of existing mines and the rise of renewables. The report highlights that new projects pose severe risks to tribal communities, forests, and water security while increasing the likelihood of stranded assets as India pursues a 2070 net-zero target.

This report by Global Energy Monitor and Oxpeckers analyzes global coal mine proposals, finding that 2,277 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of new capacity is under development. This expansion is led by China, Australia, India, and Russia, and is largely inconsistent with the 1.5°C warming limit of the Paris climate agreement.

This case study document describes the Land Accelerator South Asia program, a World Resources Institute (WRI) initiative launched in 2020 to support entrepreneurs developing sustainable business models for restoring degraded forests and farmlands. The document details the program's growth from a 2020 cohort of 15 businesses to a 2021 cohort of 58, and provides detailed profiles of 11 specific restoration startups operating across India and Sri Lanka.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the fiscal burden and distributional efficiency of electricity and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies in India. It identifies significant knowledge gaps due to outdated census data and proposes various targeting mechanisms—including volumetric, categorical, and income-based approaches—to ensure subsidies reach the poorest households without compromising energy access.

This fact sheet from the Climate Bonds Initiative details a USD 500 million green bond issued by Adani Green Energy UP Limited on June 10, 2019, specifically for the refinancing of solar projects in India.

This executive summary report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), in collaboration with ICF and the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), provides the first comprehensive inventory of energy subsidies in India for the financial years 2014 to 2016. The report maps subsidies across coal, oil and gas, renewable energy, and electricity transmission and distribution (T&D), analyzing their magnitude, trends, and socio-economic and environmental impacts.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues that Jatropha is neither a profitable nor a sustainable investment for biofuel production. It challenges the 'miracle crop' narrative, providing evidence that the plant requires significant inputs to be viable, often competes with food production, and leads to the displacement of local communities and the destruction of biodiversity.