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The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that the 11th Our Ocean Conference in Mombasa, Kenya, must address the root cause of ocean degradation by confronting the expansion of offshore oil and gas and rejecting speculative marine geoengineering technologies.

This research paper analyzes the implications of Rwanda's threat to withdraw its security forces from Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province. It argues that the deployment serves Rwanda's political and economic interests while highlighting Mozambique's inability to independently secure its territory and the transactional nature of EU and US energy-driven security strategies.

This policy brief analyzes the political instability in Mozambique following the October 2024 general elections, which saw the ruling Frelimo party maintain power amid allegations of fraud and widespread popular unrest. The author argues that Frelimo's reliance on repression and institutional capture to maintain legitimacy threatens not only domestic stability but also regional trade and the political stability of other former liberation movements in Southern Africa.

This research paper argues that ongoing unrest in Mozambique following the October 2024 general elections is driven by deep-seated socioeconomic grievances and distrust of the ruling Frelimo party, rather than electoral fraud alone. The author highlights systemic issues including high youth unemployment, government corruption—specifically the 'hidden debt scandal'—and a history of electoral misconduct. The paper notes a shift in public action, with protests now targeting private sector companies over land rights and infrastructure failures, and warns that the new government under Daniel Chapo faces significant instability unless a genuine dialogue including opposition figure Venâncio Mondlane is established.

A practical guidebook published by Natural Justice in February 2025 to help local communities in Mozambique protect their traditional knowledge (TK) and cultural expressions. The guide details legal mechanisms for protection, including Geographic Indicators and Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) regulations, and provides step-by-step instructions for documenting TK and developing Community Protocols to manage interactions with outsiders.

This research paper examines the governance and security challenges in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province, specifically analyzing the impact of the withdrawal of the Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) in July 2024. The author argues that the mission's exit, driven by financial constraints and poor coordination, may have created a security void during a period of increasing insurgent activity.

A statement by Friends of the Earth Africa arguing that fossil fuel extraction in Africa serves global elites and imperial powers rather than local populations, and calling for a just transition based on community-owned renewable energy and the payment of ecological debts.

This briefing note by the Institute for Security Studies examines the outlook for natural gas in Africa up to 2043, highlighting the tension between significant proven reserves and a global market facing slowing demand and potential supply gluts.

This report by the African Climate Foundation and IFPRI analyzes the economic impacts of climate change in Mozambique, focusing on vulnerabilities in agriculture, energy, and transport. It details projected temperature increases and rainfall volatility, the risk of sea-level rise to coastal populations, and the macroeconomic threats posed by a global transition to low-carbon economies. The document evaluates the Government of Mozambique's current adaptation strategies, such as Local Adaptation Plans, and recommends the establishment of an Adaptation and Resilience Investment Platform (ARIP) to mobilize funding and improve technical capacity.

The September 2022 Peace & Security Council Report examines political deadlock in Sudan, the African Union's (AU) 'Silencing the Guns' initiative, the impact of natural resource management in Mozambique, and the priorities of Ghana during its PSC chairship.

This policy brief examines the coordination challenges between the African Union (AU), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and Rwanda regarding military interventions to combat violent extremism in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province. It highlights the friction caused by the principle of subsidiarity, the lack of a joint strategic vision, and the differing operational approaches of the SADC Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) and the bilateral Rwandan deployment.

A statement by Friends of the Earth International detailing its international solidarity efforts between 2020 and 2021 to support environmental and human rights defenders facing authoritarianism and corporate exploitation.

This policy brief examines the impact and nature of foreign military interventions in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, to combat an insurgency that began in October 2017. It analyzes the roles of private military companies, the Rwandan military, and the Southern African Development Community (SADC), emphasizing a lack of transparency in agreements and the need for coordinated, human-rights-centered strategies.

This special report by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) analyzes the first and second African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) reports for Kenya, Mozambique, and Uganda. It examines patterns of progress and regression in democracy, political governance, and socio-economic development, noting that while legislative improvements are evident, practical implementation often lags, particularly regarding corruption, poverty, and gender inequality.

This August 2021 issue of the Peace & Security Council Report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the African Union's (AU) handling of the political transition in Chad, the diplomatic divide over Israel's accreditation to the AU, and the coordination of military interventions in Mozambique. It also provides commentary on the geopolitical rivalry between Western powers and China/Russia in Africa and an interview on the role of culture in peacebuilding.

This policy brief examines the drivers of violent conflict in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province, arguing that the insurgency is fueled by a combination of political marginalization, grievances over the governance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) resources, and the amplifying effects of climate-related disasters.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies outlines a multi-dimensional strategy to stabilise Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province. It argues that while regional military support from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) is a starting point, long-term stability requires a people-centric approach addressing governance failures, poverty, and radicalisation, rather than a purely security-focused response.

The March 2021 Peace & Security Council Report by the Institute for Security Studies examines several critical security and financial challenges facing the African Union (AU), including the Ethiopia–Sudan border dispute, the insurgency in Mozambique, the AU's financial dependence on external partners, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) impasse, and the transition of AMISOM in Somalia.

This policy brief analyzes the insurgency in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique, arguing that while the conflict is framed as religious extremism, it is rooted in systemic neglect, regional inequality, and a 'resource scramble' involving rubies and natural gas. The authors suggest that the Mozambican government's security response and the marginalization of local communities have exacerbated structural problems, drawing parallels to the Niger Delta in Nigeria.

The September 2020 Peace & Security Council Report examines the African Union's (AU) operational challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, the precarious state of peace agreements in Sudan and Libya, the root causes of coups in Africa with a focus on Mali, and the potential for national dialogue in Ethiopia.