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This fact sheet details a EUR 500 million green bond issued by China Construction Bank Corporation on September 24, 2018, certified under the Climate Bonds Standard for projects in renewable energy, transport, and water management.

China Everbright Bank issued a USD300m green bond on September 13, 2018, to fund projects in renewable energy, clean transport, waste and wastewater management, and climate adaptation. The framework excludes fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and large-scale hydropower (>25MW), and is noted by the Climate Bonds Initiative for its alignment with international definitions, despite a call for more detailed impact disclosure.

This fact sheet details a CNY1bn green bond issued by Beijing Infrastructure Investment on September 12, 2018, to fund the construction and operation of metro lines in Beijing.

This report explores how fintech technologies—IoT, big data, AI, and blockchain—can be applied to ecosystem management to address complex environmental issues like toxic algal blooms. It argues that while these tools are mature in the financial sector, their adoption in environmental science is slowed by cultural barriers to data sharing. The author suggests that integrating these technologies can lead to 'authoritative open data' and more predictive, real-time environmental management.

The China Green Bond Market Mid-Year Report 2018 by the Climate Bonds Initiative analyzes the performance and alignment of Chinese green bonds from January to June 2018, highlighting a growth in issuance driven by the private sector and a continuing gap between domestic and international green bond definitions.

This research paper compares the electric vehicle (EV) policies of the United States and China, focusing on financial incentives, charging infrastructure, research and development, and fleet procurement. It highlights China's more aggressive approach to subsidies and mandates compared to the U.S. system of tax credits and state-level incentives.

This pre-issuance verification letter, authored by Sustainalytics in October 2018, confirms that the green bond intended for issuance by Industrial Bank Co. conforms with the Wind Energy, Solar Energy, and Low Carbon Transport Criteria of the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1.

This briefing by RMI analyzes China's 'energy quota' for buildings—the Standard for Energy Consumption of Civil Buildings (GB/T51161-2016)—and identifies three primary lessons for U.S. cities and companies: the importance of meter-based peer assessment, the challenges of aligning operational targets with design codes, and the benefits of localizing performance targets to account for regional market dynamics.

This fact sheet from the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) outlines the evolution of China-Africa relations, tracing them from historical ties to contemporary economic, diplomatic, and security partnerships. It highlights the role of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the shift in China's approach from 'non-interference' to active engagement in peace and security, while noting the impact of China's 'new normal' economic slowdown on bilateral trade and investment.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute analyzes international practices for Low Emission Zones (LEZ) and Congestion Charging (CC), focusing on case studies from London, Singapore, and Stockholm to provide recommendations for Chinese cities facing severe air pollution and traffic congestion.

This briefing from the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines strategies to build climate-resilient urban food systems, focusing on the cities of Calgary and Edmonton. It argues that strengthening local food production and diversifying supply chains can mitigate risks posed by extreme weather and global supply shocks.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes coal phase-out experiences in California, Denmark, France, and Beijing to derive lessons for China's national energy transition. Using a "window of opportunity" framework, it examines how context, champions, concerns, and complementary policies drive the shift from coal to cleaner energy sources.

This study by the International Institute for Sustainable Development explores the potential for 'policy crediting'—crediting emission reductions resulting from policy actions—to enhance the impact of energy pricing reform and carbon pricing policies, particularly in developing countries.

This report evaluates China's 2010 reform of residential electricity pricing, which transitioned from a flat-rate system to a tiered electricity pricing (TEP) mechanism. The reform aimed to improve energy efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and address the regressive nature of flat subsidies that disproportionately benefited high-income households. While the central government set general principles, provincial governments designed specific price ladders and volume blocks. The report analyzes the impacts on different income groups, the role of grid companies, and the challenges of public communication and operational feasibility.

This briefing outlines key insights and guiding principles for improving air quality in China, developed during a September 2014 workshop in Beijing. It proposes a framework based on ten guiding principles, fiscal policy alignment, robust management systems, full enforcement of laws, and targeted sectoral policies to reduce both air pollutants and greenhouse gases.

This synthesis report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the transition of China's industrial development zones (IDZs) toward a low-carbon, resource-efficient economy. It analyzes the impact of emerging policy levers, such as carbon trading and eco-industrial certifications, on business competitiveness. The report highlights a shift from command-and-control regulations to market-based instruments and provides recommendations for improving carbon management, energy self-supply, and technical capacity building for enterprises.

This report analyzes three national-level pilot programs in China designed to promote low-carbon and eco-efficient industrial parks: the Eco-Industrial Park (EIP) demonstration project, the Circular Transformation of Industrial Parks (CTIP), and the Low-Carbon Industrial Park pilot project. It examines their management structures, certification procedures, and performance indicators, noting that while these programs are voluntary, they provide significant incentives through official naming, certificates, and financial subsidies.

This case study examines the restoration of the Loess Plateau in north-central China between 1994 and 2005. The initiative, involving the Chinese government and the World Bank, focused on curbing soil erosion and improving food security through terracing, afforestation, and the 'Grain for Green' program. While the project achieved significant reductions in sediment runoff and increased per capita grain output, the document highlights long-term sustainability challenges related to species selection, water shortages, and the reliance on government subsidies.

This World Resources Institute working paper assesses the greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction impact and implementation of the Beijing Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) between 2013 and 2015. Using the Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Policy and Action Standard and the Climate Policy Implementation Tracking Framework, the study finds that the ETS contributed to an earlier emissions peak for Beijing, primarily driven by reductions in electricity demand rather than improvements in power production.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) submitted this 2014 Investor CDP Information Request detailing its internal climate change management, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the reporting period of October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013, and its strategies for operational sustainability.