Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión

The document identifies three primary transmission routes for SARS-CoV-2: direct physical contact, intermediate inanimate objects, and respiratory droplets or aerosols. It highlights that indoor environments significantly increase contagion risk and that climatic factors like low temperature and specific relative humidity levels can enhance virus survival. A substantial portion of the text examines the correlation between air pollution—specifically NO2 and PM2.5—and increased COVID-19 mortality and incidence in regions such as Northern Italy, Spain, China, and the US. It also discusses the potential role of global warming in altering transmission patterns through changes in human behavior and animal migration.

• SARS-CoV-2 is suspected to transmit via three main routes: direct physical contact with saliva or mucus, intermediate inanimate objects (such as metal, plastic, glass, or paper), and respiratory droplets and aerosols that remain suspended in the air.
• Environmental conditions significantly impact transmission risk, with indoor spaces being 19 times more likely to facilitate contagion than outdoor spaces. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 can remain active in suspended particles for more than three hours.
• Climatic variables influence virus survival, with low temperatures increasing survival across all relative humidity levels. Solar ultraviolet radiation is noted as an efficient natural virucidal agent for coronavirus-type viruses.
• There is a documented correlation between high levels of air pollution and increased COVID-19 severity or mortality. In the US, a 1 ug m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an 8% increase in COVID-19 deaths. In Europe, 78% of deaths in a studied sample occurred in five regions in Northern Italy and Central Spain characterized by high NO2 concentrations and poor air dispersion.
• Chronic exposure to air pollutants (NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10) in Northern Italy over the last decade is suggested to provide a favorable context for the spread of the virus.
• Global warming may alter transmission patterns by changing animal migration or human behavior; for instance, extreme heat may increase the use of air conditioning and indoor crowding, potentially increasing infection rates.

APA

Sanz, M. J. (2020). Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión. Basque Centre for Climate Change. https://www.bc3research.org/eu/2020/05/sars-cov-2-transmititzeko-moduak-eta-gaixotasuna-eragin-dezaketen-faktoreak/

Chicago

Sanz, María José. Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión. Basque Centre for Climate Change, 2020. https://www.bc3research.org/eu/2020/05/sars-cov-2-transmititzeko-moduak-eta-gaixotasuna-eragin-dezaketen-faktoreak/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Sanz |first1=María José |title=Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión |publisher=Basque Centre for Climate Change |date=11 May 2020 |url=https://www.bc3research.org/eu/2020/05/sars-cov-2-transmititzeko-moduak-eta-gaixotasuna-eragin-dezaketen-faktoreak/ |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sanz2020modos, author = {Sanz, María José}, title = {{Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión}}, institution = {Basque Centre for Climate Change}, year = {2020}, month = may, url = {https://www.bc3research.org/eu/2020/05/sars-cov-2-transmititzeko-moduak-eta-gaixotasuna-eragin-dezaketen-faktoreak/}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }