Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión

The document identifies three primary transmission modes for SARS-CoV-2: direct physical contact, intermediate inanimate objects, and respiratory droplets or aerosols. It highlights that fine particles (<10 µm) can reach pulmonary alveoli, while larger droplets (>100 µm) contribute primarily to contact transmission. Environmental factors such as low temperatures and specific relative humidity levels are noted to increase virus survival, while solar ultraviolet radiation acts as a natural virucide. The report discusses correlations between high levels of atmospheric pollutants, such as NO2 and PM2.5, and increased COVID-19 mortality and incidence in regions including Northern Italy, Spain, China, and the United States, suggesting that pollution may predispose individuals to more severe infections.

• SARS-CoV-2 transmission is suspected to occur via three main routes: direct physical contact with saliva or mucus, intermediate inanimate objects (such as metal, plastic, glass, or paper), and respiratory droplets and aerosols.
• The size of respiratory particles determines their transmission path: particles larger than 100 µm deposit quickly on surfaces and contribute to contact transmission, while particles smaller than 10 µm can reach the pulmonary alveoli.
• Environmental conditions significantly impact virus viability; low temperatures increase survival across all relative humidity levels, and solar ultraviolet radiation is an efficient natural agent for inactivating the virus.
• Indoor environments increase infection risk compared to outdoors; one study in Japan indicated that contagion is 19 times more likely in indoor spaces.
• High concentrations of NO2 and specific climatic conditions that prevent air dispersion were linked to severe outbreaks in Northern Italy and Central Spain, where 78% of 4,443 deaths were concentrated in five regions.
• Chronic exposure to air pollutants (NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10) in Northern Italy over the last decade (2010-2019) significantly correlated with COVID-19 cases across up to 71 provinces.
• Global warming may influence transmission by altering bird migration patterns or changing human behavior, such as increasing the use of air conditioning and indoor crowding in very hot temperatures.

APA

Sanz, M. J. (2020). Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión. Basque Centre for Climate Change. https://www.bc3research.org/es/2020/05/modos-de-trasmision-del-sars-cov-2-y-factores-que-pueden-influenciar-la-enfermedad/

Chicago

Sanz, María José. Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión. Basque Centre for Climate Change, 2020. https://www.bc3research.org/es/2020/05/modos-de-trasmision-del-sars-cov-2-y-factores-que-pueden-influenciar-la-enfermedad/.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Sanz |first1=María José |title=Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión |publisher=Basque Centre for Climate Change |date=11 May 2020 |url=https://www.bc3research.org/es/2020/05/modos-de-trasmision-del-sars-cov-2-y-factores-que-pueden-influenciar-la-enfermedad/ |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{sanz2020modos, author = {Sanz, María José}, title = {{Modos de trasmisión y factores que afectan a la exposición/trasmisión}}, institution = {Basque Centre for Climate Change}, year = {2020}, month = may, url = {https://www.bc3research.org/es/2020/05/modos-de-trasmision-del-sars-cov-2-y-factores-que-pueden-influenciar-la-enfermedad/}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }