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This research paper introduction from the Institute for Security Studies provides an overview of the current global climate crisis, highlighting record-breaking temperatures in 2024, the increasing frequency of weather-related disasters, and the rising scale of climate-induced displacement. It emphasizes the gap between current policies and the goals of the 2015 Paris Agreement, while noting the persistent rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.

This report by Ember examines how the growth of solar power in South Asia is reducing the power sector's exposure to global fossil fuel price shocks, while highlighting that broader fossil fuel dependence persists in transport and industry. The authors argue that further reductions in fuel imports require the electrification of non-power sectors and enhanced regional grid integration, with India serving as a central hub for electricity trade.

A report by Zero Carbon Analytics explains how conflict in the Middle East is triggering an energy crisis in Bangladesh due to its heavy reliance on imported fossil fuels, particularly those passing through the Strait of Hormuz. The document details the resulting fiscal strain, industrial disruptions, and the systemic risks of delaying a transition to renewable energy.

The Climate Bonds Initiative's 2025 report details the state of the global aligned GSS+ (green, social, sustainability, and sustainability-linked) debt market, which reached a cumulative volume of USD 6.8 trillion by the end of 2025. The report highlights the continued dominance of green bonds, the growth of sustainability-labelled debt, and the emergence of adaptation and resilience (A&R) finance as a significant new frontier, exemplified by the launch of the Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT).

This report evaluates a pilot project by Oorja Development Solutions in Uttar Pradesh, India, which integrated solar-powered grain milling as a secondary use for solar irrigation pumps (SIPs). The study finds that utilizing idle solar capacity for milling reduces household costs, improves food freshness through smaller-batch processing, and enhances mobility and autonomy for women. However, sustained adoption is hindered by operational bottlenecks, such as operator unavailability and inconsistent grinding quality.

The report 'Boom and Bust Coal 2026' by Global Energy Monitor analyzes the global coal plant pipeline in 2025, highlighting a growing disconnect where coal capacity continues to increase—driven primarily by China and India—while actual coal-fired electricity generation declines due to the rapid expansion of wind and solar power.

A report by Ember analyzing the current state and outlook of Indonesia's coal sector, noting a shift from record production levels toward a projected decline in 2025 driven by weakening export demand from major partners like China and India.

The 'Global Landscape of Climate Finance 2025: EMDE Spotlight' fact sheet analyzes climate finance flows to emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It reports that while total climate finance to these 157 countries surpassed USD 1 trillion in 2023, there remains a significant gap compared to the estimated USD 4 trillion required annually by 2030. The document highlights the dominance of China in overall flows, the growth of domestic private financing in emerging markets, and the persistent underfunding of adaptation and hard-to-abate sectors.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the disproportionate impact of air pollution on children under five, highlighting how structural economic dependencies on fossil fuels and polluting infrastructure drive a global environmental justice crisis. It details the physiological vulnerabilities of children, the link between maternal exposure and lifelong chronic diseases, and provides case studies from South Africa, Brazil, Nigeria, and Bangladesh to illustrate the specific drivers of child mortality and morbidity.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute (WRI) presents a financial case for climate adaptation, arguing that such investments are highly profitable and synergistic with general development goals. Based on an analysis of 320 projects, WRI finds that adaptation investments can yield significant returns through a 'triple dividend' of avoided losses, induced economic development, and additional social and environmental benefits.

This policy brief outlines priorities for South Africa's G20 presidency to mainstream crop insurance as a tool for climate resilience in Africa. It evaluates the evolution of insurance models—from multi-peril to index-based and digital solutions—and recommends that the G20 promote high-quality, inclusive products, holistic risk management, and evidence-based subsidy frameworks to support smallholder farmers.

The China Energy Transition Review 2025 by Ember analyzes China's rapid shift toward clean energy and electrification, detailing how its domestic policies and manufacturing scale are driving down global costs and pushing global fossil fuel demand toward a structural decline.

This fact sheet by the Institute for Economic Justice examines the inequities of global climate finance, arguing that current G20-led mechanisms often exacerbate debt vulnerability in developing nations through a reliance on loans and 'de-risking' strategies that prioritize private profit over public welfare.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that expanding liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports is a risky economic and environmental strategy for Canada. The authors contend that LNG fails to provide energy security for importers or economic resilience for exporters due to extreme price volatility, high infrastructure costs, and a global shift toward cheaper renewable energy. The document highlights that Canadian projects face significant competitiveness challenges against producers like the United States and Qatar, while importing regions in Europe and Asia are actively reducing their LNG demand.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative examines the climate finance gap for Least Developed Countries (LDCs), highlighting the inadequacy of debt-based financial mechanisms and proposing the use of highly concessional, grant-based capital and innovative risk-management tools to build resilience in the most vulnerable nations.

This fact sheet by Zero Carbon Analytics analyzes the energy forecasts of the Institute for Energy Economics Japan (IEEJ), arguing that the institute projects unrealistically high future gas demand compared to the IEA, ExxonMobil, and BP. The document attributes these high forecasts to the IEEJ's assumptions regarding the high cost of renewables, a preference for thermal power as a backup, and an optimistic outlook for carbon capture and storage (CCS).

This expert note by the World Resources Institute examines country platforms as mechanisms to align public and private, national and international finance behind country-led climate, nature, and development plans. It identifies six key elements for effective platforms and details the specific roles and responsibilities of domestic institutions, international public institutions, and private finance providers in implementing these frameworks.

This research paper introduces the Adaptation Triple Dividend of Resilience (AdapTDR) database, evaluating 320 adaptation investments across 12 countries to demonstrate that climate adaptation yields high economic, social, and environmental returns beyond simple loss avoidance.

This guide from the World Resources Institute explains the concept of 'loss and damage' in the context of climate change, detailing the distinction between economic and non-economic losses, the history of UN negotiations, and the operationalization of the Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD).

The 2024 Global Electricity Source Trends report by Ember analyzes global electricity generation across solar, wind, hydro, nuclear, gas, and coal, highlighting record growth in solar and wind alongside fluctuating trends in fossil fuels and nuclear power.