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This policy brief analyzes the potential for mobilizing private finance for climate change adaptation in Rwanda. It finds that while Rwanda has a clear policy vision, it lacks a strong enabling environment for adaptation investment, and very little private climate finance has been mobilized to date. The document highlights barriers such as high interest rates (up to 20%), inadequate electricity, and the challenges of being landlocked. It concludes that because foreign direct investment plays a minimal role, the government and development partners should focus on empowering local small and medium enterprises to drive adaptation.

This case study examines the financial structure of the 250MW Bujagali Hydropower Project in Uganda to analyze how risk mitigation instruments from public financial institutions, specifically the World Bank Group, can mobilize private capital for low-carbon infrastructure in high-risk environments.

This case study examines the Sarulla Geothermal Power Plant (GPP) in Indonesia, highlighting how public risk mitigation tools, including guarantees and feed-in tariffs, enabled significant private sector investment in a project designed to be the world's largest single contract geothermal plant with a 330MW capacity by 2018.

This executive summary analyzes the use of private financing to accelerate geothermal energy deployment in Indonesia, focusing on the Sarulla Geothermal Power Plant (PLTP Sarulla) as a case study. It highlights the role of public support in mitigating exploration risks and providing financial guarantees to attract private investment to meet national capacity targets.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines the challenges of defining and accounting for private finance within the context of the Copenhagen Accord's USD 100 billion annual goal. Using an 'accountability chain' analysis, the authors evaluate how different financial instruments—such as traditional debt, green bonds, equity, philanthropy, and remittances—align the goals of investors with the climate-related objectives of recipients.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute examines historical private-sector investment patterns to assess the potential for private finance to meet climate change adaptation needs in developing countries. The author argues that private finance is unevenly distributed across regions and sectors, often failing to align with the most pressing adaptation needs of the poorest populations.

This policy brief by the Institute for Security Studies examines the governance of climate finance in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It analyzes the imbalance between mitigation and adaptation funding, the dominance of private finance over public funds, and the role of regional development banks in shaping climate policy and investment in these regions.

This report outlines the key takeaways from a workshop held on 14 October 2010 in Venice, hosted by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI), the International Center for Climate Governance (IGCC), and the Euro-Mediterranean Centre for Climate Change (CMCC). The event convened policymakers and experts to discuss the adequacy and productivity of international climate finance, identifying critical gaps in data, the under-tracking of domestic and South-South flows, and the challenges of measuring private sector contributions.

The briefing describes FAST-Infra (Finance to Accelerate the Sustainable Transition – Infrastructure), a public-private partnership designed to increase private investment in sustainable infrastructure within developing countries. The initiative focuses on creating a sustainable infrastructure labeling system and developing four specific market mechanisms to mobilize capital.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute and OECD proposes a 4-stage framework to improve the estimation of private climate finance mobilized by public interventions. It addresses the technical complexity of quantifying these linkages, particularly for UNFCCC reporting by developed countries for activities in developing countries, and recommends both short-term transparency measures and long-term standardization of data systems and definitions.

This research paper examines how to attract private investment into Brazil's public transport sector by reducing perceived risks and aligning performance incentives, using case studies from São Paulo and Belo Horizonte.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides an analysis of global adaptation finance based on the Global Landscape of Climate Finance. It examines the sources, instruments, and sectoral distribution of adaptation funding for 2015-2016, identifies significant data gaps in private and domestic public sector reporting, and offers recommendations to improve tracking methodologies to better align investments with climate vulnerabilities.