a-snapshot-of-global-adaptation-investment-and-tracking-methods_-_global_commission_on_adaptation-cb2e8e5d19e5856e.pdf

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) provides an analysis of global adaptation finance based on the Global Landscape of Climate Finance. It examines the sources, instruments, and sectoral distribution of adaptation funding for 2015-2016, identifies significant data gaps in private and domestic public sector reporting, and offers recommendations to improve tracking methodologies to better align investments with climate vulnerabilities.

• In 2015-16, national and multilateral development finance institutions were the primary sources of adaptation financing, providing an annual average of USD 15 billion, which represented 69% of the total tracked adaptation finance.
• Water and wastewater management was the dominant sector for adaptation finance, attracting 50% of the total volume tracked in 2015 and 2016. Agriculture, forestry, and land use followed, receiving an average of USD 4.5 billion, or 21% of the total.
• Project-level market rate debt was the most used financial mechanism for adaptation, averaging USD 11 billion per year in 2015-16. Grants and low-cost project debt each accounted for USD 5 billion, while equity finance was negligible.
• Geographically, the East Asia and Pacific region received the most adaptation finance (USD 9 billion annually), followed by Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (USD 3 billion each). Finance in East Asia and the Pacific was primarily market rate debt or equity, whereas Sub-Saharan Africa received mostly grants and low-cost project debt.
• Case studies of Pakistan, Zambia, and Niger indicate that adaptation finance generally flows to the sectors of highest vulnerability. However, total funding may be insufficient; for example, Zambia received approximately USD 45 million annually, significantly less than the USD 1.3 billion per year estimated in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).
• Significant data gaps exist in private sector and domestic public sector adaptation finance. To address this, CPI identified the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) and CDP as promising data sources. CBI data shows USD 2.6 billion in bonds issued by new issuers since 2015 specifically for adaptation and resilience, while 139 A-list CDP companies identified USD 13.9 billion in costs for managing physical climate-related risks in 2018.

APA

World Resources Institute (n.d.). a-snapshot-of-global-adaptation-investment-and-tracking-methods_-_global_commission_on_adaptation-cb2e8e5d19e5856e.pdf. https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/uploads/A-Snapshot-of-Global-Adaptation-Investment-and-Tracking-Methods_-_Global_Commission_on_Adaptation.pdf

Chicago

World Resources Institute. a-snapshot-of-global-adaptation-investment-and-tracking-methods_-_global_commission_on_adaptation-cb2e8e5d19e5856e.pdf. n.d. https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/uploads/A-Snapshot-of-Global-Adaptation-Investment-and-Tracking-Methods_-_Global_Commission_on_Adaptation.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=World Resources Institute |title=a-snapshot-of-global-adaptation-investment-and-tracking-methods_-_global_commission_on_adaptation-cb2e8e5d19e5856e.pdf |url=https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/uploads/A-Snapshot-of-Global-Adaptation-Investment-and-Tracking-Methods_-_Global_Commission_on_Adaptation.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{worldresourcesinstitutendasnapshotofglobaladaptationinvestmentandtrackingmethodsglobalcommissiononadaptationcb2e8e5d19e5856epdf, author = {{World Resources Institute}}, title = {{a-snapshot-of-global-adaptation-investment-and-tracking-methods\_-\_global\_commission\_on\_adaptation-cb2e8e5d19e5856e.pdf}}, institution = {World Resources Institute}, url = {https://files.wri.org/s3fs-public/uploads/A-Snapshot-of-Global-Adaptation-Investment-and-Tracking-Methods_-_Global_Commission_on_Adaptation.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }