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This briefing paper by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and partners argues that the effective implementation of the Paris Agreement depends on the integration of human rights and social and environmental principles into the 'Paris Rule Book'. The document outlines how principles such as gender equality, indigenous rights, and a just transition should be embedded into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Adaptation Communications, the Transparency Framework, and the Global Stocktake to ensure policy coherence and protect vulnerable populations.

This briefing, produced by the International Indigenous Peoples’ Forum on Climate Change (IIPFCC) and the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), compiles the decisions and conclusions of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that reference Indigenous Peoples and traditional knowledge. It serves as a reference tool to remind State Parties of their commitments to respect Indigenous rights and integrate traditional knowledge into climate mitigation and adaptation policies.

This policy brief by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) argues that Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms act as a major legal and financial barrier to climate action. It contends that ISDS allows fossil fuel investors to sue governments for implementing climate regulations, creating a "chilling effect" that deters states from phasing out fossil fuels and aligning financial flows with the Paris Agreement.

This guide, published by the Center for International Environmental Law, provides civil society organizations with tools and advice to ensure that the 2025 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are ambitious and based on human rights.

This policy brief by the Center for International Environmental Law uses the Alto Maipo Hydroelectric Project in Chile as a case study to argue for the inclusion of social safeguards, stakeholder consultation, and independent redress mechanisms in the Article 6 mechanisms of the Paris Agreement.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative, produced for COP22, analyzes the growth and governance of the green bond market. It highlights the shift toward private sector issuance, the increasing role of emerging markets like China, and the necessity of reaching USD 1 trillion in annual green emissions by 2020 to support Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.

The Climate Bonds Initiative provides technical assistance to institutions to design and assess transition investment frameworks, aiming to reduce greenwashing risks and align capital deployment with the Paris Agreement.

The Healthy NDC Scorecard is a visual tool designed to evaluate whether national climate commitments (NDCs) are sufficient to protect human health, measuring them against the Paris Agreement and science-aligned targets.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International explains the concept of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) in the context of the UN climate negotiations in Paris. It criticizes the current system of self-proposed national plans and advocates for a 'fair share' approach based on a global carbon budget to ensure the temperature increase is limited to 1.5°C.

This document is the first chapter of a report by the Forest Declaration Assessment, a civil society initiative. It evaluates progress toward the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDf), highlighting the gap between global commitments to forest conservation and the ongoing reality of deforestation driven by economic growth and commodity demand.

This document is the first chapter of 'Forests in Focus', published by the NYDF Progress Assessment. It evaluates the progress of the New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF), noting that the 2020 target to halve deforestation was not met and highlighting the systemic drivers of forest loss, including financial investment and commodity demand, while calling for increased transparency and the inclusion of Indigenous peoples in forest management.

This policy brief by the Green Economy Coalition argues that the transition to a green economy requires not only new funding but a fundamental reform of the global and local financial architecture. It emphasizes the need to move away from short-termism and 'brown' investments toward a system that serves long-term societal and environmental needs, specifically highlighting the importance of directing funds to the global south and local actors.

This policy brief by the Green Economy Coalition argues for the integration of natural capital approaches into national economic strategies to achieve a green economy. It advocates for moving 'beyond GDP' to a 'capitals approach' that recognizes the interdependence of natural, financial, produced, human, and social capital to better inform decision-making and meet international climate and development goals.

This research paper examines the critical role of financial resources and technological transfer in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement. It traces the evolution of international development policy from the 1972 Stockholm Conference to current frameworks like the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, highlighting a persistent funding gap and a digital divide that hinder progress in developing nations.

This report traces 50 years of UN sustainable development and climate policy, detailing the transition from the 1992 UNFCCC and the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the 2015 Paris Agreement. It examines the shift from rigid distinctions between industrialized and developing nations toward a more dynamic model of 'common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities' (CBDR-RC). While the Paris Agreement achieved universal participation through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the document notes that current collective promises remain insufficient to limit warming to 1.5°C, potentially leading to a temperature rise exceeding 3°C if not significantly increased.

This report, submitted by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) to the UNFCCC First Global Stocktake, analyzes the failure of governments to align public financial flows with the Paris Agreement. It argues that public support for fossil fuels remains high and often increases, creating a financial barrier to clean energy deployment. The document provides evidence of subsidy trends, the impact of COVID-19 recovery packages, and offers a framework for fossil fuel subsidy reform (FFSR) to accelerate the energy transition while ensuring social equity.

The report 'État de la gouvernance environnementale mondiale 2020' examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international environmental governance, the shift to virtual negotiations, and the resulting effects on climate and biodiversity goals. It highlights the challenges of maintaining political momentum and scientific output during lockdowns while noting that the pandemic underscored the interconnectedness of human health and environmental degradation.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the environmental risks associated with the Red Sea crisis, highlighting how military conflict and the rerouting of shipping traffic threaten marine ecosystems, increase carbon emissions, and jeopardize the food security of coastal populations in Africa.

Natural Justice submitted comments to the South African Department of Transport regarding the Marine Pollution (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Amendment Bill (B5-2022). The organization argues that the Bill should implement stronger penalties, increase local government and police involvement in enforcement, and remove broad exemptions for ship trials and offshore mineral processing to align with South Africa's Paris Agreement commitments.

This fact sheet outlines a legal challenge brought by Aukotowa Fisheries Primary Co-operative, The Green Connection, and Natural Justice against the South African state and TGS Geophysical Company. The applicants are seeking to set aside the environmental authorisation for a three-dimensional (3D) seismic survey off the West Coast of South Africa, arguing that the decision was unlawful, ignored climate commitments, and threatened the livelihoods of small-scale fishers.