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The report details a presentation by Professor Roger Clarke on the contested meaning of 'security' and a case study of Australian national security initiatives. Clarke argues that 'security' is often used ambiguously to justify the erosion of human rights. He presents survey results showing that Privacy Impact Assessments (PIAs) in Australia are rarely conducted and, when they are, are typically deficient, failing to protect civil liberties from intrusive government measures.

The report finds that while religious radicalism in Côte d’Ivoire has not reached the scale seen elsewhere in West Africa, the country remains vulnerable due to political instability, regulatory gaps, and socio-economic marginalisation. It details how Pentecostalist 'prophets' influenced the hardline posture of former President Laurent Gbagbo during the 2010-11 crisis and notes the presence of Wahhabi Islam. Additionally, it examines the Lebanese diaspora, noting that while most view Hezbollah as a 'national resistance movement' and provide financial support, there is currently no direct threat to Ivorian national security from this community.

Annapolis, Maryland, has experienced a more than fourfold increase in tidal flooding since 1970, with the City Dock flooding approximately 50 times per year. Sea levels in Annapolis have risen by over a foot in the last century, more than twice the global average. Projections indicate that by 2045, the city could face over 360 flood events annually. In response, the city is collaborating with agencies such as NOAA, FEMA, and the Army Corps of Engineers to assess vulnerability and study at-risk structures, while the U.S. Naval Academy is coordinating with state and local officials to address sea level rise as a national security issue.

The document outlines the U.S. federal government's transition toward climate adaptation as a risk-management strategy. It details the economic impact of 2012 extreme weather events, analyzes legislative attempts like the SAFE and STRONG Acts, and describes executive actions under the Obama administration. It further reviews the adaptation roadmaps of key federal agencies including the USACE, USDA, DOD, DHS, and EPA, while noting a continuing need for a coordinated national adaptation strategy.

The document outlines the U.S. federal government's approach to climate adaptation as a risk-management strategy. It details the economic impacts of extreme weather in 2012, analyzes key legislation like the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 and the proposed SAFE and STRONG Acts, and reviews executive orders from the Obama administration. Additionally, it summarizes the adaptation roadmaps of federal agencies including the USACE, USDA, DOD, DHS, and EPA, while noting a continuing need for a coordinated national adaptation strategy.

The report examines the threats of religious extremism and terrorism in Niger, analyzing the factors contributing to its vulnerability and resilience. It details the government's three-pillar response—military, socioeconomic, and legal—while highlighting the challenges of regional cooperation in the Sahel-Saharan region.

The briefing examines Senegal's vulnerability to religious radicalism following the crisis in Mali. It challenges the common perception that Sufi brotherhoods provide total immunity against extremism, highlighting risks such as youth unemployment, a dual education system, and the influence of Wahhabite and jihadist Salafism. The authors argue that the Senegalese government has not fully integrated the religious dimension into its security policy and recommends reforms to the educational system and increased regional intelligence cooperation.

A survey of 1,127 U.S. residents found that a public health frame is the most effective at eliciting emotional reactions that support climate change mitigation and adaptation across various audience segments. Conversely, a national security frame may cause a 'boomerang' effect, triggering anger among those already doubtful or dismissive of climate change.

A study of U.S. residents found that a public health frame is the most effective at eliciting emotional reactions that support climate change mitigation and adaptation, while a national security frame may cause anger among skeptical audiences.

The document criticizes the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee's decision to limit the Department of Defense (DoD) from pursuing alternative fuels based on cost comparisons with fossil fuels. It argues that such restrictions stifle military-led innovation, which historically created technologies like the Internet and GPS, and prevents the civilian economy from leveraging energy savings. The author asserts that DoD's leadership in biofuels and efficient platforms could help the U.S. transition away from oil, coal, and nuclear energy by 2050, potentially saving $5 trillion.

The paper explores how cybersecurity is being shifted into the domain of warfare, a process the author argues contributes to greater military control over civilian networks. It analyzes three dominant legal models: the view that cyberwar is nearly impossible to regulate, the call for new international treaties, and the prevailing consensus that existing laws of armed conflict (LOAC) are sufficient. The author proposes a 'comprehensive legal approach' that coordinates multiple legal fields to address the full spectrum of cybersecurity threats beyond just the 'war' framing. The text also details the technical and legal difficulties of applying the UN Charter's use-of-force rules and the principles of distinction and proportionality to computer network attacks (CNA).

The document examines the role of non-UNFCCC institutions in addressing climate change, suggesting that while the UNFCCC must remain the central coordinator due to its legitimacy and legal authority, other multilateral and minilateral venues can provide faster action or target specific pollutants. It warns against the risks of 'forum-shopping' and the marginalization of the UNFCCC, recommending formalized coordination and the application of UNFCCC principles, such as 'common but differentiated responsibilities', across all climate-related initiatives.

The document outlines how climate action benefits U.S. national security through three primary channels: reducing reliance on foreign oil, transitioning to a distributed energy system to lower infrastructure vulnerability, and preventing climate-driven global instability. It specifically highlights that reducing petroleum consumption by 6 million barrels per day by 2030 could match current OPEC imports, and warns that climate change acts as a "threat multiplier" that could increase the burden on the U.S. military through humanitarian missions and threats to strategic bases like Diego Garcia.

The authors argue that U.S. energy policy mistakenly focuses solely on imported oil while ignoring the extreme vulnerability of centralized domestic energy infrastructure. They contend that the only effective protection against asymmetric warfare and terrorism is to redesign the energy architecture to be inherently resilient through efficiency, diversity, and distributed renewable options, rather than relying on hardening targets or intelligence.

The document outlines a teaching framework for using Yale Climate Connections (YCC) 90-second radio stories to make climate change concrete for students. It aligns these activities with NGSS Science and Engineering Practices and Performance Expectations (MS-ESS3-3, HS-ESS3-4, HS-LS2-7), focusing on data interpretation and evidence-based argument. Educators are encouraged to use the provided Question Bank as conversation starters or writing prompts, with the flexibility to search for stories by topic or location on the YCC website.

The document examines the 'hunger-climate-conflict nexus,' where food insecurity acts as a 'threat multiplier' for instability. It argues that while military forces have historically played ad-hoc support roles in humanitarian aid, the increasing frequency of climate-driven food crises necessitates a shift in military training, doctrine, and interagency coordination. The author highlights barriers to this transition, including the risk of 'over-securitisation' and existing institutional silos between defence and development agencies, while specifically noting the implications for the Irish Defence Forces regarding peacekeeping and domestic disaster response.

The report provides a comprehensive list of public laws from 2017 to 2022 that address climate adaptation, focusing heavily on national security, disaster relief, and infrastructure resilience. Key legislative trends include the integration of climate risk into Department of Defense (DoD) planning, the expansion of pre-disaster mitigation funding through the Disaster Recovery Reform Act and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and targeted conservation efforts for forests, wetlands, and the Arctic. The document details specific mandates for flood mapping, sea-level rise projections for military installations, and the creation of specialized funds for community resilience and drought management.

The author argues that international trade policy is shifting from a focus on economic efficiency and liberalization toward a 'multifunctional' approach. This new paradigm integrates goals such as climate action, labor rights, and national security as primary objectives rather than externalities. The transition faces national challenges, including the need to balance incommensurable goals and break institutional silos, and international challenges, such as friction with existing WTO rules and a growing divide between developed and developing nations' priorities.

The author argues that a paradigm shift is occurring in international trade, moving away from the 'establishment' view of globalization as a tool for economic efficiency toward a 'multi-purpose trade policy.' This new approach integrates objectives like sustainability, resilience, and security directly into trade goals. However, this shift creates significant national challenges—including the difficulty of balancing incommensurable goals and overcoming institutional silos—and international tensions, as states increasingly prioritize unilateral action over World Trade Organization (WTO) norms. While developed nations like the US and EU lead this trend, developing nations remain skeptical of certain goals, such as labor standards, while viewing others, like food security, as long-standing priorities.

The document examines how natural resources influence power politics and fuel armed conflicts in Africa, while cautioning against a mono-causal link between these conflicts and climate change. It advocates for a comprehensive, multi-level management strategy to address the nexus between resource management and peace building.