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The document advocates for rooting climate loss and damage responses in international human rights law, emphasizing the right to remedy. It argues that the World Bank is unfit to lead the Loss and Damage Fund due to its continued fossil fuel investments and failure to provide reparations for project-related harms. The author recommends that the Loss and Damage Fund establish a 'firewall' from World Bank policies, implement independent grievance mechanisms, and prioritize grants-based finance over debt-creating loans, guided by the polluter pays principle.

The Stockholm Environment Institute's 2023 Annual Results Report details the organization's progress across three primary impact areas: reducing climate risk, sustainable resource use, and health and well-being. Key achievements include supporting Morocco's net-zero 2050 target, advancing the Production Gap Report to influence COP28, and deploying digital tools like the Consumption Compass in Sweden and WEAP globally. The report also highlights organizational growth, including a 40% increase in total income over four years and a 45% per capita reduction in air travel emissions compared to 2017 levels.

The report analyzes the April 2022 floods in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using attribution science to link the disaster to human-induced global warming. It argues that 'carbon majors'—the largest global GHG emitters—should be held accountable under the 'polluter pays' principle. The document explores the legal pathways in South African delictual law to seek compensation for both immediate losses and future climate resilience, while highlighting the disproportionate impact of such disasters on marginalized communities.

The report provides an evidence-based narrative of the April 2022 floods in Durban, which saw 304-311 mm of rain in 24 hours, resulting in 450 deaths and 40,000 displaced people. It evaluates the city's resilience strategies, such as the Community Based Early Flood Warning System (CBFEWS) and the Transformative Riverine Management Programme (TRMP), while detailing the devastating cumulative impacts on vulnerable populations. Through five case studies—including the Quarry Road West informal settlement and the Dassenhoek peri-urban area—the document highlights profound material loss, psychological trauma, and the erosion of development gains, arguing that such events serve as proxies for the broader impacts of climate change.

The Sharm-el-Sheikh Adaptation Agenda (SAA) serves as a global framework to drive adaptation and resilience transformations across food, water, health, and infrastructure systems. Launched at COP28, the First Implementation Report identifies progress in planning, finance, and technology, while emphasizing the role of businesses, financiers, and local changemakers as catalysts for transformational change.

The document examines the Global Shield (GS) and other climate insurance initiatives in Africa, arguing that they are insufficient substitutes for a well-funded Loss and Damage Fund (LDF). It highlights systemic failures in parametric insurance, such as 'basis risk' and the inability of poor populations to afford premiums, while critiquing the technocratic and paternalistic nature of these schemes. The authors conclude that insurance should only be a complementary tool, and that equitable climate finance must be based on historic emissions rather than market-based premiums.

The document analyzes COP 28 outcomes for Africa, noting a gap between high-level agreements and the actual financial resources provided for adaptation and loss and damage. While it highlights the historic agreement to transition away from fossil fuels and new food system initiatives, it argues that the scale of funding remains insufficient for Africa's urgent needs.

The Global Research and Action Network for a New Eco-Social Contract (GRAN-ESC) proposes that the UN's 'Pact for the Future' adopt 'eco-social contracts' that integrate ecological, social, and economic elements. The submission advocates for a shift toward transformative, community-led sustainable development, the removal of fossil fuel subsidies, and the reform of the international financial architecture to support debtor nations in the 'Majority World'. Key recommendations include the legal recognition of the rights of nature, the creation of a UN taskforce on structural green and eco-social transition policies, and the implementation of deliberative processes like citizens' assemblies to ensure the inclusion of marginalised groups and future generations.

The Global Climate and Health Alliance presents a framework for COP29 to translate the COP28 UAE Declaration on Climate and Health into concrete outcomes. The report argues that climate change undermines global health progress and calls for a fast, funded phase-out of fossil fuels, the adoption of a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) for climate finance, and the integration of health targets into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It emphasizes the need for holistic adaptation, the capitalization of the Loss and Damage Fund to address health needs, and the protection of UNFCCC policymaking from the influence of polluting industries.

The Global Climate and Health Alliance presents a set of recommendations for COP29, arguing that climate action is a public health imperative. The document calls for the phase-out of fossil fuels, the establishment of a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance of at least USD 1 trillion per year, and the integration of health outcomes into National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and adaptation planning. It emphasizes the need to protect vulnerable populations, reform food systems toward agroecology, and manage conflicts of interest by reducing the influence of polluters in UNFCCC policymaking.

The report finds that while a diverse range of urban resilience solutions exist in the Global South's informal settlements and economies, most are in early development stages and heavily reliant on philanthropic funding. It highlights a significant gap in private sector investment and municipal buy-in, while noting that these interventions often yield co-benefits in health, gender equity, and livelihoods. The document recommends that municipalities integrate informal settlements into city plans and that funders coordinate to streamline access for small-scale innovators.

The 2024 Regional Resilience Hubs virtual summit focused on democratising climate governance and advancing locally-led adaptation (LLA) across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The event emphasised the need for flexible, decentralised climate finance to bypass bureaucratic delays and reach vulnerable communities directly. Key discussions highlighted the intersection of gender, care work, and human rights, arguing that reframing care as a communal responsibility and securing land rights for women are essential for holistic resilience. The summit showcased specific tools and initiatives, such as the County Climate Fund in Kenya and the CSMAP tool in Asian Mega-Deltas, to demonstrate how participatory mapping and subnational funding can drive effective climate-smart agriculture and infrastructure. Looking toward COP30, the report calls for a shift from tokenism to meaningful inclusion of marginalised groups and a transition from high-level speeches to concrete, actionable proposals for community-driven adaptation.

The NAP Global Network's 2023 report details its efforts to accelerate climate adaptation in developing countries through technical support, peer learning, and knowledge generation. Key achievements include supporting 41 countries with technical assistance, facilitating regional peer learning cohorts in Central America and West Africa, and advancing gender-responsive and monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) frameworks. The Network is currently tracking progress toward its 2025 strategic targets, with significant success in expanding its Country Support Hub and In-Country NAP Support Programs.

The document describes the 'ambition mechanism' of the Paris Agreement, which consists of three primary tools: Long-Term Strategies, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and Transparency Reports. It outlines the criteria for effective long-term planning, such as achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 and reducing emissions by 80-90% by mid-century. It also references the First Global Stocktake from December 2023, which indicated that global efforts to reduce emissions, stop deforestation, and triple renewable energy capacity are currently insufficient. The guide provides a checklist for evaluating national climate commitments and transparency reports, emphasizing the need for specific reduction targets and clear accounting of emissions and absorptions.

The research paper compares the financial targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM GBF) with the UNFCCC's New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG). It argues that the CBD's approach—which combines the reduction of harmful subsidies, mobilization from diverse sources, and specific developed-to-developing country provisions—could serve as a model for the NCQG. The authors recommend a 10-year operational timeframe with five-year milestones, a quantum based on a subset of developing countries' needs, and a layered financial structure that includes the phase-out of fossil fuel subsidies.

The Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) reports on its 2023 initiatives, highlighting the growth of the PREPARE Call to Action to 31 companies, the implementation of the Resilient Agricultural Innovations for Nature (RAIN) Challenge in East Africa, and the hosting of the Resilience Evidence Forum in South Africa. The statement emphasizes the financial benefits of adaptation investments and the shift toward transformative resilience and whole-systems approaches.

The document contends that the Loss and Damage Fund (LDF) adopted at COP28 is insufficient because it treats climate reparations as voluntary donations rather than legal obligations. It argues that the fund's governance excludes frontline communities and indigenous peoples, lacks a human rights framework, and ignores the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. The authors request that the Inter-American Court of Human Rights clarify that UNFCCC decisions do not limit state obligations to provide full reparation to climate victims.

The report evaluates five small, locally led grants funded by the Scottish government to address loss and damage (L&D). It argues that while small grants are limited in scale and duration, they are essential for rapid action, capacity building, and piloting human rights-based approaches. Key findings emphasize the need to bridge the gap between L&D and adaptation, prioritize 'trapped' populations in migration support, and shift from rigid output-based monitoring to trust-based, outcome-oriented partnerships grounded in climate justice.

The document details Africa's objectives for COP28, emphasizing the need for systemic reform of the global financial architecture to close the adaptation financing gap and operationalize the Loss and Damage Fund. It advocates for a just energy transition that supports Africa's move up the green technology value chain, particularly regarding critical minerals, and calls for the inclusion of community-based organizations and youth in climate decision-making.

The African Climate Foundation (ACF) advocates for COP28 to deliver measurable progress for Africa across the Global Stocktake, adaptation, and finance. The ACF emphasizes that emission reduction targets must be paired with climate finance reforms and the preservation of policy space for African development. Key priorities include a robust Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA) with quantified targets, the operationalization of a fit-for-purpose Loss and Damage Fund, and the reform of the global financial system to provide affordable finance and debt restructuring. The ACF also warns against unilateral trade measures, such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, which it argues threaten Africa's sustainable development goals.