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The report identifies a rural credit market in the Amazon characterized by low competition, limited access for producers, and a heavy concentration on livestock, which is strongly linked to illegal deforestation. It highlights that agricultural activity in the region is less entrepreneurial than in the rest of Brazil, with a predominance of public banks and a historical reliance on the Fundo Constitucional do Norte (FNO), though private resources like Letras de Crédito Agrícola (LCA) are increasing. The authors argue that aligning credit access with compliance with the Forest Code and utilizing tools like the Central Bank's Bureau Verde are essential to incentivize sustainable land use.

The lower Winnipeg River basin (LWRB) has evolved from an ancient Indigenous travel and ceremonial route and a 17th-century fur trade corridor into a region defined by hydroelectric power, mining, and tourism. Key developments include the 1906 construction of the Pinawa dam, the establishment of the Pine Falls paper mill in 1926, and the creation of Whiteshell Provincial Park in 1961. The region's economic history is also marked by copper-nickel and lithium mining in the early 20th century and the transition from river-based transport to rail and road networks, including the Trans-Canada Highway.

The document examines the cassava value network in Colombia, highlighting its current use in food and industrial sectors and its potential for bioplastics and animal feed. It identifies low productivity, limited technology transfer, and financial barriers for smallholders as key challenges. The paper suggests transitioning toward biorefineries and inclusive supply chains to enhance Colombia's bioeconomy.

ClientEarth urges the European Commission to prioritize the preservation of forests over their economic exploitation in the new EU Forest Strategy. The organization advocates for the strict protection of primary and old-growth forests, the integration of the Strategy with existing anti-illegal logging frameworks like the EUTR and FLEGT, and the complete exclusion of forest biomass from the definition of renewable energy. It further emphasizes the need for the legal recognition of Indigenous Peoples' and local communities' tenure rights, the use of remote-sensing data for monitoring, and the inclusion of binding forest protection criteria in EU trade agreements.

The document finds that cattle productivity in the Legal Amazon is uniformly low and extensive, meaning that disseminating the practices of the region's most productive municipalities would only increase production value by 17.6-29.4%. This is significantly lower than the potential gains seen in grain production. To achieve major productivity increases without deforestation, the authors argue for the adoption of new technologies—such as crop-livestock integration systems (ICLS)—and the combatting of land grabbing and illegal deforestation, which currently incentivize low-productivity extensive ranching for land speculation.

The report finds that livestock productivity in the Legal Amazon is highly homogeneous and characterized by an extensive production model with low input use. While disseminating existing best practices from the most productive municipalities could increase production value by 17.6-29.4% without further deforestation, this is significantly lower than the potential seen in crop agriculture. The authors argue that substantial gains require a new business model involving technologies not yet used at scale, such as integrated crop-livestock systems, and the combatting of land grabbing (grilagem), which incentivizes low-productivity extensive ranching for land speculation.

The study assesses the environmental performance of incorporating bakery byproduct meal, chemically-processed grocery food waste feed, and Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) meal into laying hen diets in the US. Results indicate that while all alternative diets can reduce land use and marine eutrophication by replacing agricultural ingredients like soybean meal, they often introduce trade-offs, particularly increasing global warming potential and water consumption. Bakery meal showed the most modest impacts, whereas BSFL meal caused the highest increases in greenhouse gas emissions. The report concludes that the environmental benefits of waste-to-feed systems are modest and highly dependent on energy use, suggesting that renewable energy is essential to ensure positive outcomes and that preventing food waste remains the top priority.

The Japanese green bond market grew by a third in 2020, reaching a cumulative issuance of USD 26.15 billion. Issuance is led by financial corporates and government-backed entities, with proceeds primarily allocated to buildings, transport, and energy. The report highlights a strong record of external reviews and post-issuance reporting, while identifying significant opportunities to scale up the market through the refinancing of unlabelled climate-aligned debt, particularly in the transport sector. Additionally, it outlines Japan's policy shift toward net-zero emissions by 2050 and the resulting development of green growth strategies and ESG disclosure frameworks.

The report analyzes the historical and legal framework of rural land ownership in Brazil, highlighting a systemic lack of a unified land registry that fosters legal insecurity and land grabbing (grilagem). It examines the complexities of the current registration and cadastral systems, including the RGI, SNCR, and CAR, and identifies significant barriers to land regularization for traditional and vulnerable populations. The document specifically details the administrative processes and political pressures affecting Indigenous lands, quilombola territories, conservation units, and agrarian reform projects, arguing that recent legislative changes often prioritize large-scale land titling over social and environmental safeguards, thereby risking land reconcentration and increased deforestation.

Ember challenges the assumption that biomass is carbon neutral, noting that current practices may actually contribute to climate change. The organization argues that the scale of land required for energy crops to support BECCS would cause significant environmental and food security issues. Furthermore, Ember highlights the high public cost of subsidizing bioenergy, suggesting that funds would be more effectively spent on wind, solar, or forest restoration.

The authors highlight a gap in the understanding of how soil microbiota influence peatland functioning and the recovery of ecosystem services. They propose a phased approach to research: short-term characterization of microbial communities, medium-term definition of 'target' microbiomes for carbon cycle services, and long-term application of this knowledge to restoration practices. The paper emphasizes that multidisciplinary collaboration and genetic characterization are essential to meeting climate targets and ensuring cost-effective ecosystem service delivery.

The report finds that increased rural credit generally boosts agricultural production and productivity while reducing deforestation pressures, particularly in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes. This occurs as credit enables producers to shift from extensive livestock ranching to more intensive crop cultivation. The analysis reveals that these positive land-use effects are most pronounced in the Amazon and Cerrado, while productivity gains are more significant in the Atlantic Forest, Pampas, and Caatinga. Additionally, the report notes that rural credit has a substantially higher positive impact on grain production compared to other crops.

The report analyzes how rural credit affects Brazilian agribusiness, finding that increased credit supply generally boosts agricultural production and productivity. In the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, credit specifically encourages the conversion of pasture to crop land, which reduces deforestation pressures and increases the area of native forests. The impact varies by biome and product, with grain production showing significantly larger increases in production and productivity compared to other crops.

Thailand is promoting a bioeconomy centered on cassava and sugarcane to drive economic growth and social equity, though the industrial sector is more advanced than community-based efforts. While integrated into policies like Thailand 4.0 and the 20-year National Strategic Plan, the transition faces regulatory hurdles, such as the Cane and Sugar Act (1968), and environmental pressures including land and water scarcity. Social challenges include wage inequality for plantation workers and food security risks for farmers shifting from rice to sugarcane.

The report provides a detailed 'radiography' of the implementation of the Brazilian Forest Code in 2021. While CAR registration is advanced nationwide, the analysis and validation of these registries remain a critical bottleneck. Only a few states, such as Espírito Santo, have achieved high validation rates. The transition to the final stage—the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA)—is slow due to low producer interest and a lack of legal frameworks in several states. The report highlights the introduction of 'dynamic analysis' by the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB) as a potential accelerator and identifies significant legal uncertainties, particularly regarding the Atlantic Forest and the application of Article 68 of the Forest Code.

The 2021 snapshot of the Brazilian Forest Code implementation shows that while rural property registration (CAR) is well advanced nationwide, the subsequent analysis and validation stages remain significant bottlenecks. Only six states have fully operational Environmental Compliance Programs (PRA), and a group of states in the Northeast, Roraima, and Rio Grande do Sul continue to lag in legislation and implementation. Progress in 2021 included the incipient rollout of 'dynamic analysis' tools in five states and the regulation of the PRA in Amapá, Ceará, and Minas Gerais.

The document examines the critical role of mine closure planning and financial guarantees to prevent abandoned mines and protect public interests. It highlights Chile and Peru as the only South American countries with comprehensive national legislation requiring financial assurances. While both align with international best practices regarding technical stability and financial transparency, the report notes a lack of emphasis on social transition and post-closure land use in both jurisdictions.

The document provides the technical appendix for a study on federal investments in sustainable nutrition science. It describes the use of the NIH Federal RePORTER database to identify projects that simultaneously address food production, human nutrition, and environmental or climate impacts. The analysis identified 53 unique projects meeting these criteria, with reported funding totaling $41.1 million over the 2016–2019 period. It also catalogues federal recommendations from 2010 to 2021 urging a shift toward interdisciplinary, systems-based research to integrate sustainability into nutrition policy and food systems.

The report finds that 15.3% of global agricultural production, approximately 1.2 billion tonnes, is lost at the farm stage, with an estimated economic value of $370 billion. It challenges the assumption that losses are primarily a low-income country issue, noting that higher- and middle-income countries are responsible for 58% of global harvest losses. Environmental impacts are significant, including 2.2 gigatonnes of CO2 eq. emissions, 760 km3 of freshwater withdrawals, and 4.4 million km2 of land use, with meat and animal products having a disproportionately high impact. The report identifies a complex web of direct drivers (biological, agronomic, and technological) and indirect drivers (market structure, governance, and human factors) and argues for synchronized, holistic interventions rather than isolated technical fixes.

The ESMP for Wangchuck Centennial National Park outlines the environmental and social protections required for three specific 2021 activities: lowland grassland restoration, conservation awareness signage updates, and bark beetle infestation control. It integrates Royal Government of Bhutan laws with WWF's Social Safeguards Integrated Policies and Procedures, prioritizing the more extensive WWF standards where discrepancies exist, particularly regarding non-title land holders and community consultation. The plan details specific mitigation measures for risks such as forest fires, waste, and worker safety, and establishes a monitoring framework involving BFL focal persons and ESS officers.