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The report details a System Scale Planning (SSP) framework applied to Nepal's hydropower sector, specifically the Karnali Basin. Using a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA) and integration with the SWITCH energy model, the methodology identifies 'pareto-optimal' portfolios of projects that balance installed capacity and cost against environmental and social metrics. Key findings demonstrate that strategic project selection can significantly reduce biodiversity and livelihood impacts for a given level of energy output, and that restricting development on mainstem rivers (Scenario K03) can achieve a favorable balance of low environmental impact and low system cost.

The report investigates how transitioning to a closed-loop economy affects employment, concluding that circular economy proxy measures are generally more labour-intensive than fossil-fuel-related jobs and can decouple economic activity from greenhouse gas emissions.

The document examines the critical interdependencies between water, energy, and food security, illustrating how failures in one sector trigger crises in others. Using case studies from India, Zimbabwe, Cambodia, and Pakistan, it demonstrates how climate-driven droughts and poor governance exacerbate resource scarcity and political instability. The author advocates for a systemic shift in international aid, moving away from siloed management toward a nexus approach based on three pillars: enhanced knowledge through data, strengthened institutional governance, and cross-sectoral regional cooperation.

Brazil is characterized as a global leader in renewable energy and a sophisticated nuclear actor, yet it faces severe systemic risks. The country is pursuing a nuclear-powered submarine program while managing rising deforestation in the Amazon and significant climate threats, including projected temperature increases of 1°C to 2.2°C by 2060. These environmental stressors intersect with deep socioeconomic inequality, a fragile healthcare system strained by COVID-19, and political instability marked by a shift toward authoritarianism and widespread corruption. The document argues that the intersection of these climate, health, and political crises could undermine Brazil's stability and its role in the international order.

The report details the operational framework for mapping green finance in India, focusing exclusively on mitigation activities. It defines the scope of 'green finance' to include climate finance and environmental objectives like resource conservation, while explicitly excluding adaptation, biodiversity, and pollution abatement. The methodology describes the classification of sources (public, private, and international), the identification of financial instruments (grants, loans, and equity), and the sectoral coverage spanning power generation, energy efficiency, and sustainable transportation. It specifies the data sources used, including Union and State budgets, OECD databases, BNEF, and reports from Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs).

Rift Valley Energy established a 4-megawatt hydro-power station and a subsequent 2.4-megawatt wind farm to provide reliable electricity to businesses, households, and institutions in Tanzania's Mufindi district and surrounding regions, reducing dependence on an intermittent national grid.

The document analyzes the energy deficit in Africa, noting that over 600 million people lack electricity. It identifies key barriers to green energy adoption, including a need for $70 billion in annual investment, technical capacity gaps, and fossil fuel subsidies. The author argues that the AfCFTA can fast-track the transition by creating a unified market, reducing investment risks through dispute resolution mechanisms, and facilitating the free movement of skilled labor. Additionally, the briefing suggests that the EU-Africa partnership should shift from bilateral aid to regional support, prioritize institutional knowledge sharing on fossil fuel transitions, and focus on local adaptation of green technologies rather than mere imports.

The document argues that public funds alone cannot meet Africa's growing energy demands, which require an estimated $120 billion annually until 2040. It advocates for 'green financing'—blending public, development, and private capital—to reduce investment risks and improve affordability. Using Kenya as a model, the brief details how instruments like Partial Risk Guarantees, concessional loans, and Feed-in Tariffs have facilitated large-scale wind and geothermal projects. It specifically encourages the European Union to leverage its development finance institutions to create risk-mitigation products and support local private sector partnerships to accelerate the continent's green transition.

The paper examines the impact of environmental policies on ethnic minorities in the Dong Phuc commune of Vietnam, finding that tenure and environmental policies often reinforce pre-existing ethnic inequalities and use conservation discourses to justify the appropriation of natural resources.

The document details how climate variables from the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) are integrated into the SAVi Energy model to quantify the impact of climate change on various power generation technologies. It provides a comprehensive literature review of how variables like temperature, wind speed, and precipitation affect the load factor and thermal efficiency of coal, gas, nuclear, biomass, hydro, solar, and wind power, as well as the efficiency of the electricity grid. The report includes a simulation for Johannesburg, South Africa, demonstrating that rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can significantly reduce the load factor and revenues for thermal and hydropower assets, while potentially increasing the load factor for wind energy.

The document details how climate indicators from the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) are integrated into the SAVi tool to improve the analysis of infrastructure resilience. It covers a literature review of climate impacts on energy, irrigation, wastewater, buildings, roads, and nature-based infrastructure, providing specific equations to link climate variables to asset performance. The report includes simulation results for Johannesburg, South Africa, demonstrating how climate variables like temperature and precipitation affect load factors, thermal efficiency, and maintenance costs, ultimately impacting the economic viability and societal costs of these assets.

The document argues that individual African countries often lack the resources to transition to green energy, but regional integration via the AfCFTA can create a larger market to attract investment and skilled labor. It highlights the role of regional power pools and suggests that a strategic shift in EU development assistance toward regional rather than bilateral support, combined with knowledge and technology sharing, could further fast-track the transition.

The document argues that public funds alone cannot meet Africa's growing energy demands, which require an estimated $120 billion annual investment until 2040. It advocates for 'green financing'—blending public and private capital—to overcome high infrastructure costs and investment risks. Using Kenya's experience, the brief details how instruments like Partial Risk Guarantees, concessional loans, and Feed-in Tariffs have attracted private investment for wind, solar, and geothermal projects. It specifically recommends that the EU and development partners provide technical assistance and risk-mitigation products to create enabling environments for private sector energy investments across the continent.

The policy brief examines the opportunities and challenges of a sustainable energy transition partnership between the African Union (AU) and the European Union (EU). It highlights Africa's vast renewable energy potential and the possibility of energy trade via Power-to-X technologies, while cautioning that the EU must avoid post-colonial rhetoric and provide tailor-made incentives for fossil-fuel-dependent African nations. The authors recommend joint vision formulation, large-scale green infrastructure investment through blended finance, and a focus on job creation and education to ensure a just transition.

The document details a 2019 case study in Colombia's Campoalegre River Basin where the Tandem framework was used to bridge the gap between climate information providers and water planning users. Through a series of workshops and interviews, stakeholders co-defined adaptation challenges and designed the graphical interfaces of needed climate services. The process highlighted the importance of addressing power dynamics, building trust prior to implementation, and using tools like social mapping and individual questionnaires to ensure inclusive participation. The study also emphasizes the role of the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool in supporting robust decision-making within the Colombian POMCA planning framework.

The proposal requests USD 254,007 over 24 months to support the R2E2 Fund's aspiration to become a GCF-accredited entity. The project focuses on two main outcomes: strengthening the fund's institutional capacity to meet GCF Fiduciary Standards—including the design of Environmental, Social and Gender guidelines—and developing a robust pipeline of climate finance projects. Proposed project ideas include financing solar energy and energy efficiency upgrades for households and micro-businesses in vulnerable communities, as well as infrastructure for electric vehicles and energy storage. The implementation will be managed by a dedicated Project Implementation Unit (PIU) within the R2E2 Fund and overseen by a Project Steering Committee chaired by the Deputy Minister of Environment of Armenia.

The Afghanistan Rural Energy Market Transformation Initiative aims to reduce reliance on diesel and kerosene in rural areas by transitioning to renewable energy mini-grids. The project focuses on a three-phased approach, starting with a pilot phase that includes the construction of three solar mini-grids with a combined capacity of 2.6 MW in Kandahar, Parwan, and Khost. To ensure long-term sustainability and private sector engagement, the initiative will develop a mini-grid policy, technical standards, and a financial de-risking framework, including a viability gap funding mechanism. It also establishes a 'Rural Electrification Department' under the national utility DABS and provides capacity building for Renewable Energy Service Companies (RESCOs). The project expects to benefit 49,000 people and reduce emissions by 173,082 tCO2eq over 25 years.

The report examines the intersection of biophysical climate changes and environmental policies in Bac Kan Province, Vietnam, finding that policy-driven resource demarcation and hydropower development often reinforce existing socio-economic inequalities among ethnic groups. While biophysical changes like prolonged hot seasons disproportionately affect the poorest households, the report highlights that women's empowerment through education and migration is shifting traditional patriarchal land-control structures.

The SAVi assessment concludes that the Poçem and Kalivaç hydropower projects are not preferable electricity solutions for Albania, as their lifetime costs, societal burdens, and tax losses outweigh their benefits. The analysis shows negative cost-benefit results of EUR 233 million for Poçem and EUR 321 million for Kalivaç, driven by adverse effects on ecosystems, agriculture, and tourism along the Vjosa River. Financial analysis indicates that these projects are not financially attractive based on domestic market offtake prices, with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 9.32% falling below the 13.5% hurdle rate. The report suggests that solar photovoltaic energy represents a more beneficial and viable alternative for generating comparable electricity in Albania.

The research utilizes a water-energy-carbon nexus perspective to analyze renewable power curtailments in China. Through complete and partial depletion experiments, the study finds that reducing curtailments for wind, solar, and hydropower would significantly lower carbon emissions and save water resources compared to fossil-fueled thermal generation, with wind power offering the most substantial environmental benefits.