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This report evaluates the first five years of the European Green Deal (2019-2024), detailing the transformation of the EU electricity sector through the surge of wind and solar power, the resulting decline in fossil fuel dependency, and the associated economic and emissions benefits.

Natural Justice provides a legal and rights-based critique of South Africa's 2025 draft Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). While acknowledging progress in absolute emissions targets, the organization argues that the draft lacks the 'stringent' due diligence required by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and fails to provide concrete, costed implementation plans for adaptation and loss and damage. Natural Justice advocates for unconditional commitments to phase out fossil fuels, the integration of human rights indicators into monitoring frameworks, and the establishment of a grant-based domestic loss and damage facility funded by taxes on fossil fuel profits.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes the oil and gas production narratives used by the governments of Colombia and Nigeria between December 2015 and May 2022. It examines how these narratives—focused on development, energy security, and energy transitions—are used to justify continued fossil fuel expansion despite the Paris Agreement, and provides strategies for civil society and researchers to challenge these frameworks to enable a more equitable energy transition.

The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025 evaluates 63 countries and the European Union, representing 90% of global emissions, across emissions, renewables, and climate policy. While renewable energy shares have increased in 61 of the 64 assessed entities over the last five years, the report finds that many high-emitting nations continue to rely on fossil fuels, leaving the top three overall ranks vacant.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and the Global Initiative for Economic, Social & Cultural Rights (GI-ESCR) analyzes the 2023 activities of UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies (HRTBs) regarding states' human rights obligations in the context of climate change. It tracks the increasing frequency of climate-related references in state reporting procedures and examines specific themes such as fossil fuel extraction, the right to a healthy environment, loss and damage, and intergenerational equity.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the causal link between fossil fuel emissions and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. It details the role of 'Carbon Majors' in global emissions, the financial disparity between industry profits and climate damages, and the growing use of litigation to hold these companies accountable. The document argues that a managed phase-out of fossil fuels, through both supply and demand reductions, is essential to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics, produced with Strategic Perspectives, proposes principles and frameworks for a just and equitable global phase-out of oil and gas production. It argues that current production trajectories are incompatible with the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Agreement and calls for leadership from the G7 and G20 to coordinate a managed decline of fossil fuels to avoid stranded assets and minimize social costs.

The Electrical Utilities Criteria, published by the Climate Bonds Initiative in March 2024, provide a framework for certifying electrical utilities and related debt instruments. The criteria are aligned with a 1.5-degree science-based decarbonisation pathway to net zero by 2050, focusing on reducing emission intensity and phasing out fossil fuel generation.

This report, produced by the Global Climate and Health Alliance in consultation with the international health and climate community, provides nine detailed recommendations for COP29 in Baku. It argues that climate change undermines global health progress and calls for the translation of the COP28 UAE Declaration on Climate and Health into concrete outcomes through ambitious mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage responses, underpinned by significant financial commitments.

A report by the Global Climate and Health Alliance providing nine strategic recommendations for COP29 to integrate human health into climate negotiations, focusing on the implementation of the COP28 UAE Declaration on Climate and Health.

A briefing by the NewClimate Institute evaluating the impact of sectoral initiatives announced at COP28, concluding that most lack the ambition and accountability to meaningfully close the emissions gap.

A briefing by the NewClimate Institute reporting that global warming projections have not improved since 2021, with current government 2030 targets projected to lead to 2.5°C of warming by the end of the century.

This briefing, jointly produced by Oil Change International and the Center for International Environmental Law, argues that current and planned fossil fuel production is incompatible with temperature limits and calls for a just and equitable phase-out of fossil fuels at COP28.

This briefing by the World Resources Institute outlines the critical benchmarks for success for the COP28 summit in Dubai. It emphasizes the need for a transformational response to the first Global Stocktake, the acceleration of systems transformation across energy, food, and urban environments, the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, and the delivery of scaled-up climate finance to vulnerable nations.

This joint policy brief, submitted by Natural Justice and a coalition of international NGOs for UNFCCC COP28, advocates for the recognition and protection of Land and Environmental Defenders (LEDs). It highlights the severe human rights violations and violence faced by LEDs, particularly in the global south, and provides specific recommendations for the COP28 Presidency, the UNFCCC Secretariat, and member parties to ensure meaningful participation, secure land tenure, and integrate human rights into the Global Stocktake (GST) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

This report by Transforma evaluates the implementation of Colombian national policies aimed at integrating non-conventional renewable energy sources (FNCER) and phasing out fossil fuels in electricity generation. Using the 'Implementation Check' methodology from Climate Transparency, the document analyzes key legislation, including Law 1715 of 2014 and Law 2169 of 2021, finding that while legal frameworks are strong, overall implementation is rated as 'medium' due to gaps in execution, social conflicts, and a lack of alignment between international commitments and national plans.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) submitted a statement to the Human Rights Council on September 28, 2023, arguing that geoengineering technologies are incompatible with human rights and should not be deployed or developed.

The Clean Air NDC Scorecard 2023 evaluates how 170 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) integrate air quality and health considerations. The analysis reveals a significant gap in recognition of the links between climate action and air quality, particularly among high-income countries and major emitters, while low- and middle-income countries generally demonstrate higher levels of integration.

The Net Zero Stocktake 2023 report analyzes the intent and integrity of net zero targets across over 4,000 entities, including national governments, subnational governments, and the largest publicly-listed companies, noting a shift from pledge-making to a focus on delivery.

This briefing from the NewClimate Institute and Climate Action Tracker (CAT) argues that COP28 must prioritize the phase-out of oil and gas production and the establishment of ambitious global renewable energy targets over distractions like carbon capture and storage (CCS).