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The report identifies that poor Tarai and Hill Dalits, along with marginalized indigenous peoples, are the most vulnerable to climate-induced disasters in Nepal. It highlights a critical lack of GEDSI-disaggregated data for GLOFs and notes that women suffer from 'time poverty' due to increased household workloads caused by climate change. Institutional findings reveal that local planning is often dominated by political power, sidelining marginalized groups and rendering women's leadership roles largely tokenistic. The report recommends establishing intersectional stakeholder definitions, promoting women-friendly climate technologies, and integrating mandatory GESI quotas into project activities.

The report identifies a significant 'Valley of Death' between the production of climate science and its practical application in resilience and adaptation. While short-term forecasting is generally accurate and used, decadal information is urgently needed but largely unavailable, leading some practitioners to misuse long-term projections. The study argues that a 'science-first' approach is ineffective and recommends that the CLARE programme adopt a user-driven, transdisciplinary structure that prioritizes co-production, capacity building for 'discerning users', and the development of knowledge brokers to bridge the gap between scientists and decision-makers.

The report synthesizes the work of UN human rights treaty bodies (HRTBs), including the CEDAW, CESCR, and CRC, on climate change. It details how these bodies use state reporting, communications procedures, and general comments to hold States accountable for human rights violations caused by climate change and insufficient mitigation efforts. Key findings emphasize the need for highest-ambition emissions cuts, the phasing out of fossil fuels, and the protection of vulnerable groups, including women, children, and Indigenous Peoples.

The report assesses gender-based vulnerabilities and socioeconomic baselines in Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and Seychelles to ensure that climate information services (CS) and early warning systems (EWS) are inclusive. It identifies systemic barriers, such as gendered access to information, time poverty, and gender-based violence, which can hinder the effectiveness of climate adaptation. The assessment recommends tailoring CS products to end-users in vulnerable sectors like agriculture and fishing, utilizing local knowledge, and addressing the specific socioeconomic disparities of each member state to maximize regional resilience.

The Global Resilience Partnership (GRP) has compiled a directory of resilience-focused initiatives, categorising them into funds and financing facilities, networks and alliances, organisations, and specific programmes and projects. The mapping covers a wide array of mechanisms, from large-scale funds like the Green Climate Fund to specialised regional initiatives such as the Africa Risk Capacity and the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility. These initiatives target various sectors including agriculture, urban infrastructure, water management, and financial risk disclosure, with a strong emphasis on supporting Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and vulnerable populations.

The Malawi National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Framework provides a structured approach to building climate resilience, integrating adaptation into national development planning, and coordinating stakeholders. It outlines five key mandates: improving community resilience through agriculture and disaster risk management, sustainable natural resource use, improving soil and land management, conserving biodiversity, and providing policy advocacy. The framework adopts a systems approach and emphasizes vertical and horizontal integration, community participation, and gender-responsiveness. It identifies critical gaps in climate modelling and institutional capacity, proposing a roadmap that includes risk and vulnerability assessments, the mobilization of private sector finance, and the integration of adaptation priorities into ministry spending plans, with support from the Green Climate Fund.

The Malawi National Adaptation Plan (NAP) Framework establishes the vision, mandates, and institutional arrangements for the country's adaptation process. It outlines a multi-pronged approach involving horizontal and vertical integration, community participation, and private sector engagement. The framework identifies five key mandates focusing on community resilience, natural resource utilization, soil and land management, biodiversity conservation, and policy advocacy. It aligns with national goals like the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy III and international targets such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The document details next steps, including climate risk and vulnerability assessments, the integration of adaptation priorities into ministry spending plans, and the mobilization of private sector finance, with the goal of producing the first full NAP by 2020.

The document argues that healthy ecosystems, such as mangroves and wetlands, act as critical buffers that reduce the physical exposure of African coastal cities to natural hazards. It promotes the adoption of Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) as cost-effective, nature-based solutions. While international frameworks like the Sendai Framework and the Paris Agreement provide support, the author notes that regional policies in Africa linking biodiversity conservation to disaster risk reduction are virtually non-existent. The brief identifies significant barriers to implementation, including weak governance, fragmented sectoral approaches, and a lack of funding for capacity development, recommending a holistic, multi-sectoral integration of nature-based solutions into national development strategies.

The HydroHazards project (2020-2024) investigates the risks and cascading effects of multiple hydro-meteorological hazards on Sweden's Critical Societal Services and Infrastructure (CSSIs) and populations. The project employs an interdisciplinary approach across three work packages to identify hazard hotspots, assess differentiated vulnerabilities among social groups, and develop future risk scenarios to improve Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) policies.

The HydroHazards project (2020–2024) investigates the cumulative and interactive effects of multiple hydrometeorological hazards on Sweden's critical infrastructure, essential services, and population. It argues that traditional risk analyses, which focus on single events, overlook dangerous connections and domino effects. The project employs a transdisciplinary approach across three work packages to analyze exposed locations, differentiated vulnerabilities among social groups, and future risk scenarios under climate change.

The Vanuatu Community-based Climate Resilience Project is a proposed 8-year initiative requesting USD 27 million from the Green Climate Fund to benefit 54,000 people (20% of the population). The project focuses on closing 'adaptation deficits' by implementing tailored adaptation packages for rural coastal, rural inland, and urban/peri-urban communities. It aims to strengthen local governance through Community Climate Change and Disaster Committees (CDCCCs) and align national climate planning with local needs. The project emphasizes gender-responsive and child-centered approaches to address structural vulnerabilities, particularly for women and children, while integrating climate resilience into provincial budgeting and planning.

The report assesses gender-based vulnerabilities and inequalities in Sri Lanka's agricultural and forestry sectors to inform a climate resilience project in the Knuckles Mountain Range. It identifies that while women are central to home gardens, nursery production, and forest monitoring, they face systemic barriers including limited land rights, lower wages in plantations, and restricted access to technical extension services. The document outlines a gender-sensitive project design that integrates women into decision-making for irrigation and forestry, promotes female-led SMEs, and targets female-headed households for land allocation to improve food security and economic resilience.

The TRACT project aims to shift the Maldives from phenomenon-based weather reporting to impact-based forecasting. It proposes modernising the Maldives Meteorological Service (MMS), expanding hydrometeorological observation networks, and implementing community-based disaster risk reduction (CBDRR) to protect a population where 42% live within 100m of the coastline. The project seeks USD 19 million from the Green Climate Fund to address critical gaps in data collection, institutional coordination, and 'last mile' communication of early warnings.

The Stockholm Environment Institute developed a terminology card game as part of the Future Resilience for African CiTies and Lands (FRACTAL) project to address gaps in understanding climate-related terms. The game is designed for use in 'Learning Labs' to create a 'level playing field' of knowledge between city stakeholders, scientists, and policy makers. Participants cooperatively categorize statements and actions under concepts such as weather, climate, adaptation, mitigation, sustainable development, and disaster risk reduction. The activity aims to facilitate 'transdisciplinary knowledge integration' and build working relationships to increase the uptake of science in urban policy and planning.

The document details how human-induced climate change is altering ocean chemistry and temperature, leading to acidification, oxygen loss, and rising sea levels that threaten African coastal communities and marine biodiversity. It highlights the melting of high-mountain glaciers in East Africa, affecting water security and increasing landslide risks. The guide emphasizes that urgent greenhouse gas emission reductions are the primary way to limit these damages, while early investment in disaster risk reduction and nature-based solutions, such as 'blue carbon' ecosystems, can reduce future costs and enhance resilience.

The report details how the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) integrates gender equality into climate change obligations through General Recommendations, joint statements, and State reporting. It highlights the Committee's focus on disaster risk reduction, the disproportionate impact of climate change on women and girls, and the necessity of women's active participation in climate policy. The document analyzes CEDAW's Concluding Observations from 2008 to 2019, noting a high volume of recommendations for Small Island Developing States and Least Developed Countries, primarily focusing on adaptation and procedural rights, while also issuing specific mitigation demands regarding fossil fuel extraction and fracking.

The report details how the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) integrates climate change into its monitoring of the International Convention on the Rights of the Child (ICRC). It analyzes the CRC's use of General Comments, State reporting procedures, and the communications procedure to hold States accountable for protecting children from climate harms. Key findings highlight a growing trend of climate-related recommendations, particularly for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs), and a strong emphasis on children's procedural rights to participation and education. The document also notes a landmark 2019 Joint Statement by five human rights treaty bodies asserting that failure to prevent foreseeable climate-related human rights harm could constitute a violation of State obligations.

The analysis of 19 NAPs reveals that while all reviewed documents integrate ecosystem considerations and vulnerabilities, the explicit link between ecosystem services and societal adaptation benefits remains generic. Latin American countries show the strongest integration of EbA and links to biodiversity strategies. Key gaps include limited monitoring of outcomes, insufficient private sector engagement, and under-representation of urban EbA and hybrid grey/green infrastructure. The report suggests that NAPs should move beyond business-as-usual conservation to explicitly address climate hazards and target specific vulnerable groups.

The REASAP 2020–2028 is a strategic framework for Saint Lucia designed to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services against climate change. It comprises 58 prioritized measures categorized by urgency into short-term (2020–2023), medium-term (2023–2026), and long-term (2026–2028) implementation phases. The plan focuses on strengthening policy frameworks, enhancing research, increasing public awareness, scaling up ecosystem protection, addressing degradation drivers, and accelerating ecosystem-based solutions. The strategy is critical as the cost of climate inaction in Saint Lucia is projected to reach 12.1% of GDP by 2025 and 49.1% by 2100. Funding is expected to come from national and international sources, including climate finance for ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA), and potential revenue from regulatory functions such as user fees and licenses.

The analysis of 19 National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) reveals that while most countries recognize ecosystem vulnerability and include some EbA measures, these are often generic and lack explicit links to specific climate risks or measurable outcomes. Latin American countries show the strongest integration of EbA and biodiversity strategies. Significant gaps exist in urban EbA, private sector involvement, and the identification of financial resources, suggesting a need for more SMART objectives and intersectoral integration to enhance human and ecological resilience.