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The document argues that voluntary corporate climate action is insufficient and that U.S. businesses must transition to active climate policy advocacy to meet 1.5C goals. It details seven specific barriers—ranging from internal organizational silos and short-term financial pressures to external pressures from trade associations and political instability—that hinder Fortune 500 companies from aligning their government affairs agendas with their sustainability goals.

The document outlines a framework for responsible corporate engagement in climate policy, emphasizing the need for businesses to align their government affairs and lobbying activities with their corporate responsibility commitments. It identifies five core elements of responsible engagement—legitimacy, opportunity, accountability, consistency, and transparency—and proposes three practical actions: identifying influences, aligning words with actions, and reporting on policy positions.

The analysis evaluates the impact of H.R. 2454 (ACESA) on greenhouse gas emissions, finding that proposed pollution caps alone would reduce emissions by 15% below 2005 levels by 2020 and 73% by 2050. When complementary requirements are included, reductions increase to 28% by 2020 and 75% by 2050, with a maximum potential reduction of 81% by 2050 if additional offsets and supplemental reductions are utilized.

The document introduces the India Energy Policy Simulator (India EPS) version 3.1.3, a tool developed by Energy Innovation LLC and World Resources Institute. The model allows for the quantitative assessment of climate policy packages and their effects on greenhouse gas emissions, GDP, and employment in India up to 2050. It specifically outlines the model's technical framework and its 'business-as-usual' (BAU) reference scenario to help policymakers identify cost-effective pathways to meet Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets and long-term decarbonization goals.

The report examines over 90 intergovernmental climate initiatives, finding a fragmented landscape dominated by developed countries and focused primarily on knowledge sharing rather than policy adoption. While cooperation exists across all sectors, particularly energy supply, most initiatives lack the breadth of country participation needed to cover significant sectoral emissions and often lack transparency arrangements.

The document argues that investors must factor climate change risk into their decisions as greenhouse gas regulations create both costs and opportunities. It introduces a framework that prioritizes the analysis of competitive dynamics resulting from climate policies, noting that policy design and company responses determine financial impacts. The report asserts that existing financial techniques can be used to discount these potential consequences despite uncertainties, particularly in the United States.

The document serves as an input for the G20 Climate and Sustainability Working Group, emphasizing the synergy between Long-Term Strategies (LTSs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It asserts that integrating these planning processes allows G20 nations to align near-term decisions with long-term climate goals, thereby fostering sustainable, inclusive economic growth and supporting non-G20 countries in their climate ambitions.

The paper outlines a collaborative framework for U.S. climate action, arguing that while ambitious federal leadership is necessary to set national targets and international standards, state and local governments should act as 'laboratories of democracy' to pioneer solutions. It advocates for a system where federal standards provide a floor but do not preempt more ambitious subnational actions, emphasizing that land-use, zoning, and infrastructure resilience are best handled at the subnational level, while carbon pricing and clean energy standards should be collaborative efforts.

The document outlines the factors that determine the credibility of national climate plans (NDCs), such as clear targets and implementation capacity, and explains the role of biennial transparency reports (BTRs) in providing the necessary information to assess and shape the credibility of future NDCs.

The document outlines a four-phase framework for developing an e-mobility roadmap: planning and preparation, visioning, development, and implementation, monitoring, and revision. It emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement, prioritizing specific vehicle segments for electrification, and utilizing both monetary and non-monetary incentives to drive adoption. Key global examples include India's investment in battery manufacturing and one-stop shop information portals, Singapore's focus on charging infrastructure in multi-dwelling buildings, and Thailand's comprehensive target-setting for EV stock and production.

The report analyzes the challenges and enablers of climate assemblies, arguing that their effectiveness depends on early design decisions and their integration into formal policymaking to move beyond one-off processes.

The forest products industry faces a transition driven by environmental policies and shifting consumer values, offering a unique opportunity to provide sustainable solutions to climate change, including carbon storage. However, the industry remains fragmented regarding appropriate climate policies, and the realization of these market opportunities depends on the establishment of clear, long-term national and international regulatory frameworks.

The document argues that while climate action has the potential to reduce social inequalities, these opportunities are currently untapped. It emphasizes that lower-income and disadvantaged populations face the highest barriers to accessing clean solutions and are disproportionately burdened by the costs of climate policies. To achieve a just transition, the paper suggests moving beyond social co-benefits toward the proactive empowerment of underserved groups.

The paper examines climate change as an issue of injustice, specifically how environmental challenges interact with socio-ecological and economic systems to undermine the rights of poor, marginalized, and vulnerable populations. It analyzes the historical treatment of equity in climate negotiations to identify key issues for a new agreement and explores how climate justice narratives can mobilize domestic demand for climate action.

Following a 2007 Supreme Court ruling and a 2009 EPA finding that greenhouse gases (GHGs) endanger public health and welfare, the EPA is positioned to regulate GHGs under the Clean Air Act. Potential regulatory paths include emission performance standards for motor vehicles and performance or technology standards for stationary sources like power plants and factories. While such regulations may increase production costs for some manufacturers, they could lower consumer costs through improved fuel and electricity efficiency. The document notes that EPA action could overlap or conflict with future congressional legislation unless statutory authority is clearly defined.

The document examines the intersection of climate policy and international trade, noting that non-uniform costs for greenhouse gas emissions can lead to 'emissions leakage' where industries relocate to countries with lower standards. It identifies energy-intensive sectors like steel, cement, and chemicals as most vulnerable and evaluates three policy responses: cost containment mechanisms, trade measures such as border price adjustments, and coordinated international actions.

The analysis indicates that while most subsectors face modest direct compliance and energy purchase costs under the American Power Act, vulnerability varies based on feedstock dependence. Subsectors relying on natural gas-derived raw materials face higher cost risks due to projected price increases, whereas those relying on petroleum, coal, and electricity-derived materials face limited risk as prices are projected to be lower compared to a no-policy scenario.

The document defines fundamental climate policy terminology, distinguishing between market-based mechanisms like carbon taxes and cap-and-trade programs, and explaining concepts such as offsets, adaptation, and complementary policies.

The analysis finds that while MRV is present in current and proposed U.S. federal policies for carbon dioxide removal (CDR), requirements are inconsistent and not comprehensive. The authors argue that a dedicated federal MRV function is necessary to provide transparency, accountability, and consistency, avoiding the proliferation of conflicting standards seen in the voluntary carbon market. Such a function would coordinate an ecosystem involving government agencies, academics, and NGOs to manage quantification uncertainty and reversal risk.

The report examines the interaction between technology, investment, and policy to enable the global deployment of low-carbon technologies. It utilizes a 'wedges' framework to break down the massive scale of required emission reductions into manageable technological solutions across power, transport, heating, cooling, and industrial processes.