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The report analyzes the viability of first-of-a-kind clean fuel projects in Canada, finding that most are currently unprofitable without public support. It distinguishes between standard market risks, which investors can manage, and systemic failures—such as policy uncertainty, infrastructure deficits, and regulatory delays—that require government action. Through financial modeling of five project archetypes, the report highlights that only blue ammonia in Alberta shows consistent viability, while others struggle with high costs and technological immaturity. It emphasizes the need for Canada to rapidly implement a permissive policy environment to compete with the United States' Inflation Reduction Act and to foster equitable partnerships with Indigenous communities.

The report argues that transitioning from a "take, make, waste" economy to a circular one is essential for Canada to meet its climate targets, as energy transitions alone cannot address emissions from resource extraction and material use. It identifies significant emissions-reduction opportunities in the metals, construction, plastics, and food sectors, while noting that Canada is currently at a nascent stage of implementation compared to leaders like Japan and the European Union. The document emphasizes that 'upstream' measures—such as demand suppression, product life extension, and smarter design—offer greater climate benefits than downstream recycling. It highlights critical barriers in Canada, including opaque material flow data, regulatory hurdles for recycled aggregates, and a lack of comprehensive national circularity goals. The report recommends that Canada develop a formal roadmap, integrate circularity into its Nationally Determined Contributions, and utilize tools like carbon pricing and green public procurement to incentivize the shift.

The report examines the investment landscape for first-of-kind clean fuel projects in Canada, distinguishing between standard market risks and systemic market or policy failures. Through financial modelling of five project archetypes, the study finds that most are currently uneconomic and require targeted government intervention to become bankable. Key barriers include policy uncertainty, infrastructure deficits, skilled labour shortages, and the complexities of establishing equitable Indigenous partnerships.

The report identifies four key investment opportunities for hydrogen in Latin America: green steel, green hydrogen production via electrolysis, green chemicals (methanol, ammonia, and fertilisers), and heavy-duty mining vehicles in remote locations. It argues that while net-zero models project hydrogen's share of final energy consumption at 3-20% by 2050, the region must more than double its planned electrolysis capacity by 2030 to align with 1.5-compatible scenarios. Success depends on policy signals, including carbon pricing and certification schemes, to attract international finance and avoid carbon lock-in.

The Longship project is a Norwegian industrial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) network designed to decarbonize heavy industries where electrification is not feasible. The project consists of two initial capture sites—a cement plant in Brevik and a waste-to-energy plant in Oslo—and the Northern Lights transport and storage infrastructure. The Norwegian government is funding approximately two-thirds of the first phase, which exceeds 3.5 billion CAD, with the goal of creating a commercially viable cross-border storage service for European emitters. The document highlights the importance of holistic government support, including regulatory streamlining and increasing carbon pricing, while noting criticisms regarding the use of public funds to support the oil and gas sector.

The document analyzes the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act's (IRA) approach to clean hydrogen through investment and production tax credits, evaluating their economic benefits and limitations to inform Canadian policy. It details the IRA's emission-based credit tiers and emphasizes the need for Canada to integrate its existing carbon pricing and focus on the entire hydrogen ecosystem to remain competitive.

The UK's Contracts for Difference (CfD) policy, established in 2014, uses a competitive auction system to provide price certainty for renewable energy developers, significantly reducing financial risk and lowering the cost of capital. By bridging the gap between wholesale market prices and a fixed 'strike price' over 15-year contracts, the policy has driven down the cost of offshore wind by 65-75% since 2015. While the system is funded by consumers through electricity bills—making it regressive—it is administered by the independent Low Carbon Contracts Company to minimize political risk. The document suggests Canada could adapt this model for proven technologies like carbon capture and storage or clean hydrogen, emphasizing the need for competitive markets and independent administration.

The document analyzes the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act's (IRA) use of investment and production tax credits to incentivize clean hydrogen, defining 'clean' as producing less than 4 kg CO2e per kg of hydrogen. It evaluates the strengths of these credits—such as mobilizing private capital and driving down costs—alongside limitations like public budget constraints and potential inflationary pressures. The analysis provides recommendations for Canada, suggesting that domestic policy should integrate Canada's carbon price, prioritize performance metrics, and support the broader hydrogen ecosystem to maintain international competitiveness.

Longship is a Norwegian megaproject designed to create a full-chain carbon capture and storage network, linking industrial capture sites to offshore storage in the North Sea. The Norwegian government is funding approximately two-thirds of the first phase, valued at over C$3.5 billion, to overcome high upfront costs and regulatory barriers. The project includes two initial capture sites—a cement factory in Brevik and a waste-to-energy plant in Oslo—and the Northern Lights transport and storage facility. While phase one is heavily subsidized, phase two aims for commercial viability by providing storage services to industrial emitters across Europe. The document highlights the importance of addressing non-financial barriers, such as regulatory red tape, and leveraging existing national expertise to jumpstart a regional CCS market.

The report analyzes the voluntary carbon market (VCM), focusing on the opaque role of intermediaries and the lifecycle of carbon credits from creation to retirement. It identifies a lack of transparency in transaction data and pricing, noting that while project creation and end-user claims are somewhat documented, the movements of credits between issuance and retirement remain largely hidden. The analysis details the costs associated with different project types—renewable energy, household devices, and forestry—and the various fees charged by registries and intermediaries. It concludes with recommendations for registries and corporations to increase disclosure of account holders and retirement details to improve market trust.

The document analyzes the relationship between trade and climate change in Latin America, highlighting the region's relatively low greenhouse gas emissions intensity but high vulnerability to climate hazards. It examines domestic climate commitments in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)—such as electromobility, sustainable agriculture, and circular economy initiatives—and their trade implications. The paper also assesses external pressures from trading partners, specifically the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and deforestation regulations. It concludes by recommending strengthened international cooperation, technology transfer, and the expansion of 'Aid for Trade' to support a just transition to a low-carbon economy.

The document outlines a 36-month readiness program implemented by the Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) to address financial barriers in Mexico's rural and northern border regions. Key objectives include the GCF accreditation of the North American Development Bank (NADB) and Trust Funds Related to Agriculture (FIRA), the creation of a green finance transparency system, and the development of a National Carbon Policy. It specifically targets water and sanitation infrastructure in northern states and sustainable landscape management via REDD+ results-based payments. Additionally, the proposal aims to empower subnational governments to issue thematic bonds and integrate environmental and social criteria into public-private partnerships (PPPs).

The Climate Solutions Reporting Guide, produced by Covering Climate Now and Solutions Journalism Network, argues that while problem-focused reporting is necessary, newsrooms must broaden their coverage to include solutions to empower audiences and policymakers. It advocates for a rigorous approach that interrogates the effectiveness and limitations of proposed solutions rather than 'cheerleading'. The guide emphasizes equity and justice, noting that marginalized communities often possess effective climate action records despite contributing the least to the crisis. It organizes potential story ideas into five categories: politics and government, economics and business, technologies and practices, civil society, and culture. Key technical distinctions are provided between 'mitigation' (reducing emissions and drawing down existing gases) and 'adaptation' (increasing resilience to unavoidable impacts).

The Canadian Climate Institute argues that the 2023 federal budget must prioritise clean growth to mitigate economic risks and compete with the United States' Inflation Reduction Act. The Institute identifies four priority areas for evaluation: the Canada Growth Fund, carbon contracts for difference, investment tax credits for electricity, and 'electro-federalism' to improve the electrical grid. The document highlights that climate change could cost the Canadian economy 25 billion in lost growth by 2025, while transitioning from fossil fuels to clean electricity could reduce average household energy bills by 12% by 2050.

The Canadian Climate Institute identifies key priorities for the 2023 Federal Budget to ensure Canada remains competitive in the global race to net zero, specifically focusing on mobilizing investment, leveraging carbon pricing, and upgrading electricity systems to reduce costs for households and businesses.

The report analyzes how EU and G7 sanctions on Russian coal imports have disrupted the Kuzbass region, which produces over 55% of Russia's coal. It details the region's high economic dependency on coal, the logistical challenges of redirecting exports to Asia, and the risks of social unrest due to potential job losses. The document presents three future scenarios (Reference, Soft, and Hard) through 2030, projecting significant declines in production, revenue, and employment under the 'Hard' scenario, while noting that reduced coal activity may lower methane and CO2 emissions.

The report analyzes Russia's climate policy, specifically the 2021 Low Carbon Strategy and the Law on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions. It argues that these frameworks are 'imitational,' serving as a facade to maintain the international image of leadership while shielding fossil-fuel elites from actual emission reductions. Key failures identified include scientifically unfounded reliance on forest carbon sinks, a history of 'ghosted' energy-efficiency targets, and a lack of transparent verification or additionality criteria for carbon projects. The authors conclude that the current 'dual state' system, where informal elite interests override formal legislation, makes genuine carbon neutrality unlikely without systemic political and economic change.

The document argues that carbon markets and offsetting mechanisms are ineffective 'false solutions' that allow major polluters to continue emitting while causing harm to ecosystems and communities, particularly in the Global South. It details the mechanisms of the UNFCCC's Article 6, various regional and national carbon pricing initiatives, and provides strategies for civil society to resist these systems through advocacy, legal action, and community mobilization.

The document argues that carbon markets and emission offsets are ineffective at reducing emissions and instead serve as a distraction for major polluters while enabling extractivism and neocolonialism, particularly in the Global South. It details the mechanisms of the UNFCCC's Article 6, including the cooperative approaches of 6.2 and the UN-managed market of 6.4, as well as various regional and national systems in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The guide concludes by offering strategies for opposition, such as policy advocacy, community awareness, and legal challenges, while providing resources for tracking carbon projects.

The document explores the 'anti-green backlash' and the practical dilemmas of the energy transition, focusing on social inequality, territorial disputes over renewables and mining, and the geopolitical implications of critical raw material sourcing. It argues that a just transition requires rebuilding the welfare state, increasing democratic participation, and addressing historical ecological debts to avoid 'eco-apartheid' and political polarisation.