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The report examines agricultural water investments by international financial institutions (IFIs) from 2010 to 2019, focusing on the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. It explores how these investments impact food security, poverty, and climate resilience, while emphasizing the importance of governance in improving water productivity and protecting ecosystem services.

The document highlights the climate vulnerability of the Singida region in Tanzania, where smallholder farmers face low productivity due to unreliable rainfall and pests. It details the success of Amani Saidi Mwangu and the 'Muungano Group', who adopted climate-smart agriculture (CSA) and irrigation after receiving training from Sustainable Environment Management Action (SEMA) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), and a 3,000,000 Tanzanian shilling loan. These interventions enabled the use of drought-tolerant, early-maturing seed varieties (such as Bombay red and Red creole), leading to increased yields of tomatoes and onions and expanded market reach to Uganda and Kenya.

The report outlines three scenarios for Tunisia's development to 2040: 'Going for Growth', which prioritises industrial production and FDI; 'Leapfrogging', which focuses on ICT and digital innovation; and 'Sustainability & Equality', which emphasises environmental stability and social protection. Across all scenarios, governance interventions are identified as the primary driver of GDP growth relative to the current path.

The annex outlines the technical specifications for forecasting Tunisia's development to 2040. It details data replacements from sources like UNICEF and the National Statistics Bureau, and specifies interventions across four scenarios: a common baseline, 'Going for Growth', 'Leapfrogging', and 'Sustainability & Equality'. These interventions target economic freedom, corruption, education quality, ICT infrastructure, renewable energy, and carbon taxation.

The document examines the relationship between tropical deforestation and water use in agricultural commodity supply chains, specifically those imported into the EU. It highlights that while high-risk deforestation commodities often rely on precipitation (green water), other commodities cause significant water scarcity through irrigation (blue water). The authors warn that focusing solely on deforestation may shift environmental burdens to water-scarce regions and identify critical data gaps regarding water use for beef and wood products.

The study found that while individual crop cycles in the Brazilian Cerrado can act as carbon sinks, the overall fields act as net carbon sources when accounting for harvest removals and emissions from soil preparation and intercropping. Irrigation was found to enhance carbon sink capacity compared to rainfed systems by mitigating drought-related losses and enabling additional harvests.

ClientEarth argues that the revised State aid Guidelines and ABER for agriculture and forestry must be fully integrated with the EU Green Deal, the polluter pays principle, and the precautionary principle to avoid compromising environmental protection. The organization recommends strengthening compliance with Union environmental law, refining definitions for carbon farming and forests to prevent biodiversity loss, and increasing transparency in how aid is reported and monitored. Specific concerns are raised regarding aid for irrigation, which may cause a 'rebound effect' increasing water consumption, and the use of forest biomass for energy, which ClientEarth argues should be strictly limited to residues and follow the cascading principle. The document also suggests that aid for climate-related disaster recovery should be conditional on implementing adaptation measures to minimize future losses.

The proposal seeks USD 301,717 over 12 months to help the Banco de Desarrollo de Ecuador B.P. (BDE) overcome fiduciary and technical gaps required for GCF accreditation. Implemented by the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), the project focuses on updating environmental and social risk management systems, developing gender and indigenous peoples policies, and establishing a coordination mechanism to align BDE's activities with Ecuador's National Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Climate Financing Strategy (EFIC). It also includes regional knowledge sharing with other development banks in Latin America and the Caribbean.

The 2021 Plan Director de la Cuenca del Río Tupiza (PDCRT) updates the 2018 plan to integrate climate change projections, sustainable sanitation, and robust decision-making tools. The plan identifies critical vulnerabilities in water access, irrigation, and mining impacts, proposing eight strategic lines of action with a total estimated investment of BOB 160,472,859 over a five-year horizon. Key findings include a projected reduction in annual river flow of up to 38% by 2050 under RCP 8.5 and significant gaps in sanitation, where 58% of inhabitants in 20 of the 24 studied communities practice open defecation.

AgDevCo utilizes concessional capital and technical assistance to develop commercially viable agri-businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa, exemplified by the establishment of Zambia's first commercial seed potato producer, Saise Farming Enterprises Ltd. The organization leverages a mix of private and DFI funding to de-risk investments and build climate-resilient agricultural value chains.

The NewClimate Institute proposes a rating system to categorize agribusinesses based on their consistency with Paris Agreement mitigation objectives, providing guidance for development finance on when to exclude, engage, or scale up funding. The system ranges from 'misaligned'—covering activities that drive deforestation or rely on air freight—to 'aligned,' which identifies businesses following best practices in soil carbon, manure management, and plant-based protein production.

The document examines the intersection of unconventional hydrocarbon extraction and water security in the Vaca Muerta region, highlighting risks from wastewater management and climate-driven water scarcity.

The document outlines a comprehensive educational campaign by WWF South Africa and The Greenpop Foundation to teach students in grades 4-7 about groundwater, aquifers, and the risks of contamination. It includes detailed lesson plans using physical models to demonstrate aquifer structure and borehole extraction, as well as a poster competition designed to spread awareness within the Cape Town community. The materials highlight the specific vulnerability of the Cape Flats Aquifer due to its sandy soil and high permeability.

The paper examines the water-energy nexus in Argentina's Vaca Muerta region, highlighting that while shale production uses a small percentage of total water, its wastewater management poses significant pollution risks. These risks are compounded by climate change projections of decreased precipitation and increasing competition for water from agriculture and urban growth. The authors argue for an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach to replace the current fragmented provincial regulatory system.

The study concludes that the Stung Chinit watershed possesses sufficient water to support a 10% expansion of irrigated area and double-cropping of rice while protecting downstream flows, provided that well-coordinated water management is implemented. While climate change increases temperatures and irrigation demand, the research identifies poor water management as a greater threat to ecosystems and rice production than climate change itself. The findings indicate that promoting dry season rice without flow requirements would severely impact instream flows, but implementing such requirements results in only minor rice shortages that can be mitigated through improved cooperation and shifted irrigation practices.

The guide argues that water and food security decisions must be accompanied by social analyses to identify and protect vulnerable groups based on sex, ethnicity, income, and race. It outlines the core objectives of social analysis, such as ensuring inclusivity in decision-making and protecting customary rights to land and water. The text illustrates potential negative impacts through scenarios, including the increased burden on women in Malawi and the marginalization of pastoralists in the Sahel. It further warns that irrigation projects in Bangladesh and Pakistan can divert domestic water to farms, and that large-scale infrastructure, such as India's UKP dam, can cause mass displacement. To support these analyses, the document lists resources from organizations like the World Bank, FAO, and UNDP, and provides a framework of critical questions regarding who benefits from and who is adversely impacted by development projects.

The document outlines the strategic importance of groundwater in South Africa, detailing the legal requirements under the National Water Act and providing technical recommendations for borehole monitoring to prevent depletion and contamination.

Warwick Wine Estate installed a 23 kl/d MBR wastewater treatment plant to replace an ineffective system and reduce the costs of sewage removal. The project provides a sustainable irrigation source of 10 kl/d, reducing reliance on rain and groundwater. With a capital cost of R 1,100,000 and a payback period of 2.9 years, the estate expects monthly savings of R 31,350 after the payback period.

The document details how climate indicators from the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) are integrated into the SAVi tool to improve the analysis of infrastructure resilience. It covers a literature review of climate impacts on energy, irrigation, wastewater, buildings, roads, and nature-based infrastructure, providing specific equations to link climate variables to asset performance. The report includes simulation results for Johannesburg, South Africa, demonstrating how climate variables like temperature and precipitation affect load factors, thermal efficiency, and maintenance costs, ultimately impacting the economic viability and societal costs of these assets.

The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) used the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) system and the Open Source Energy Modeling System (OSeMOSYS) to model climate change impacts on seven strategic river basins in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis found that all basins face significant economic risks, with the Niger River potentially facing costs up to $200 billion and the Zambezi River showing the highest uncertainty with impacts between $50 billion and $125 billion. To mitigate these risks, SEI recommends that policy-makers integrate climate change expertise into infrastructure planning through technical guidelines, open-data repositories, and professional training programs.