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The document asserts that climate disinformation in Europe is an industrialised threat that distorts public debate, delays clean energy investment, and weakens crisis response. It highlights a failure in regulatory enforcement across the EU and UK, noting that while instruments like the Digital Services Act exist, they are unevenly applied. The authors advocate for limiting algorithmic amplification of misleading content and increasing media scrutiny to protect the conditions necessary for collective climate action.

The policy brief argues that the UK's current response to antisemitism is fractured and overly focused on physical security, failing to address the complex interplay between online ecosystems and offline violence. It calls for a holistic strategy led by the Prime Minister's Office that integrates the Online Safety Act, updated counter-terrorism frameworks focused on behaviors rather than just formal groups, and scaled-up prevention and education efforts to combat the 'national emergency' of rising antisemitism.

The report documents a surge in anti-LGBTQ+ hate crimes, book bans, and restrictive legislation in Western countries, noting a convergence of extremist ideologies. It highlights how tech platforms exacerbate these harms through the rollback of protections, the overmoderation of LGBTQ+ content via AI and safety legislation, and the rise of coordinated harassment campaigns like 'transvestigation'.

The report analyzes maritime security in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), emphasizing that threats like climate change, illegal fishing, and piracy are interconnected. It highlights the risks of increasing militarisation by global powers and the environmental dangers of rerouting shipping around the Cape of Good Hope due to Red Sea instability.

The report identifies a persistent FIMI landscape in Poland, characterized by Russian and Belarusian operations targeting Ukrainian refugees, the EU, and democratic institutions. It highlights the use of coordinated inauthentic behavior, AI-generated content, and content laundering to amplify polarizing narratives. While public resilience and civil society interventions limited the impact, the report notes significant platform failures—particularly on X, Meta, and TikTok—and a regulatory vacuum due to the absence of a permanent Digital Services Coordinator in Poland.

The document argues that while 'ecological security' is not yet widely recognized in Southeast Asia, it is essential for addressing interconnected threats like the Mekong polycrisis, green transition externalities, and environmental crimes. It highlights the tension between security services and civil society, the influence of US-China competition on resource extraction and infrastructure, and the need for a holistic framework that bridges the gap between political-security and environmental specialists.

The 2024 update of the Living Planet Index for migratory freshwater fishes reveals a catastrophic global decline of 81% in population abundance from 1970 to 2020. The report identifies habitat degradation, loss, and overexploitation as the primary drivers of these declines, with the most severe regional losses occurring in Latin America & Caribbean (-91%) and Europe (-75%). While managed populations declined less than unmanaged ones, the report highlights a mismatch between the prevalence of habitat-related threats and the dominance of fisheries-focused management.

The document assesses the contemporary UK landscape of hate and extremism, highlighting a shift toward 'hybridised' threats where ideological boundaries blur and online ecosystems drive real-world violence. It identifies the extreme right as the most dynamic threat, particularly among youth, while noting that Islamist extremism remains the dominant terrorism threat. The report also details the rise of anti-LGBTQ+, anti-migrant, and antisemitic hate, often amplified by international conflicts and hostile state actors from Russia, Iran, and China. To counter these, the authors propose a unified policy framework that integrates social cohesion, a rights-based definition of extremism, and a public health model of violence prevention, moving away from siloed counter-terrorism approaches.

The document examines how the global gaming industry's social features and design vulnerabilities are exploited by extremist and malign actors. It analyzes the applicability of major regulations like the EU's Digital Services Act and the UK's Online Safety Act to gaming companies and recommends increased data transparency, consistent policy enforcement, and 'Safety by Design' principles to mitigate harms.

The document examines how emerging technologies—decentralised platforms, generative AI, and immersive environments—are exploited by malign actors to spread hate and disinformation. It argues that these technologies converge to amplify existing harms and calls for updated regulatory frameworks, international coordination, and 'Safety by Design' principles to mitigate these risks.

The report examines how 'decentralized', 'generative', and 'immersive' technologies are being exploited by malicious actors to spread hate and disinformation. It highlights the role of the Fediverse and Web3 platforms like Odysee in creating extremist echo chambers, the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate persuasive misinformation and toxic content, and the potential for Extended Reality (XR) to enable severe emotional manipulation and virtual crimes. The authors argue for updated regulatory frameworks, including the EU AI Act and Digital Services Act, and emphasize the need for international coordination, safety-by-design, and new taxonomies for virtual harms.

The document warns that describing climate activists as 'vandals' or 'mobs' dehumanises them and may discourage 'Persuadables' from engaging with environmental spokespeople. It calls for the condemnation of these tactics and the use of practical messaging to counter misinformation.

The document alerts organisations to misinformation linking the Russian invasion of Ukraine to energy efficiency, the energy transition, green jobs, and Net Zero. It notes that these narratives are particularly salient for men, Conservative voters, and Northern communities, and outlines a framework for identifying at-risk audiences, establishing facts, and adapting communications strategies.

The document alerts organisations to misinformation campaigns in the UK that undermine heat pump efficiency and exaggerate costs to cast doubt on renewables. It specifically targets audiences in the construction and energy sectors, as well as those identifying as working class, and provides a framework for identifying targeted audiences, establishing facts, and crafting counter-messages.

The report analyzes the evolution of biological weapons threats from the 1940s to the 2010s, noting a shift from battlefield utility to 'gray zone' and asymmetric warfare. It argues that the COVID-19 pandemic acts as a 'game changer' that could either drive nations toward biological weapons as a low-cost deterrent or catalyze a new era of international cooperation. The authors identify critical gaps in U.S. policy, including an over-emphasis on bioterrorism over state-based threats and declining biodefense funding, recommending a 'deterrence by denial' strategy and increased international collaboration.

The report argues that whales are sentinel species for ocean health and critical for climate regulation, but face imminent extinction risks from cumulative threats. It advocates for 'connectivity conservation' through the establishment of blue corridors and networks of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to safeguard migratory routes across national and international waters.

The author contends that the U.S. national security focus on CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear) weapons as the sole definition of WMD fails to account for modern technological convergence and the trend of using these agents for targeted strategic impacts rather than mass casualties. To address this, the briefing introduces the concept of 'weapons of mass agility'—technologies that can cause mass effects but also operate at the lower end of the destruction spectrum for strategic gain. The proposed framework evaluates threats based on six criteria: potential for mass effects, malicious intent, significant second and third order effects, minimal target dependency, high density of effects, and a 'fear factor'. This approach aims to integrate cyber weapons, drone swarms, and the 'digitization of biology' into a cohesive threat assessment model to avoid a 'failure of imagination' in national security strategy.

The briefing examines the limitations of the current WMD paradigm, which focuses primarily on chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. By comparing the treatment of fentanyls and novichoks, the author illustrates how narrow definitions of WMD can lead to a misalignment of policy priorities, where a highly lethal but non-WMD designated substance like fentanyl causes more domestic death and economic damage than designated WMDs used in targeted assassinations. The author advocates for a shift toward a 'mass effects' framing to encompass systemic risks like climate change and pandemics, as well as emerging technologies like drone swarms.

The report evaluates global security threats under two warming scenarios: a 'Near Term' scenario (1-2°C) and a 'Medium-Long Term' scenario (2-4+°C). It concludes that even low levels of warming present high to very high risks, while higher warming levels pose catastrophic and potentially irreversible threats to global stability. The analysis is structured around U.S. Geographic Combatant Command areas, detailing how climate-induced physical shocks and social tensions act as threat multipliers that can lead to state failure, resource conflict, and the breakdown of international alliances.

The document assesses the threat of violent extremism in South Africa, concluding that while the overall risk of a major attack is low, the country remains vulnerable to 'lone wolf' incidents and the use of its infrastructure as a base for international extremists. It details the history of far-right groups like the AWB and Boeremag, the militant activities of Pagad in the 1990s, and recent concerns regarding South Africans joining ISIS. The brief highlights systemic vulnerabilities such as government corruption and porous borders, while recommending a focus on youth engagement, social cohesion, and improved intelligence capabilities.