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This policy brief by the Climate Policy Initiative argues that forest degradation in the Amazon is a critical but overlooked threat to climate goals. It highlights that degradation often causes more biomass loss and carbon emissions than clear-cutting deforestation, yet it remains largely absent from Brazil's official environmental metrics and greenhouse gas inventories.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes 24 financing strategies for climate adaptation in developing countries, categorized into discrete adaptation strategies and general climate action strategies. It evaluates how these documents are developed, the role of multilateral development banks (MDBs), and their effectiveness in mobilizing finance. The report identifies a need for better integration between ministries of finance and climate leads, more strategic use of public grants to leverage private investment, and improved country-level tracking of climate finance flows.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the evolving relationship between the Republic of Korea and Africa, focusing on opportunities for collaboration in climate change and energy transition. It analyzes Korea's carbon-neutrality goals and the African Union's Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy (2022–2032) to identify synergies in renewable energy, green minerals, smart cities, and sustainable agriculture.

This policy brief examines the challenges and opportunities for securing sustainable finance to support Africa's regional infrastructure agenda, specifically within the framework of the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). It highlights the gap between Africa's high climate vulnerability and its low access to sustainable finance, proposing lessons from the ASEAN region to improve project bankability and regulatory harmonisation.

The Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) submitted written representations on 29 July 2022 regarding the Draft Mine Health and Safety Amendment Bill, 2022. The CER argues that the current Mine Health and Safety Act 29 of 1996 and the proposed amendments fail to adequately protect the constitutional rights of communities living near mines, specifically regarding the impacts of mine blasting.

A statement by Hemantha Withanage, President of Friends of the Earth International, analyzing the systemic collapse of Sri Lanka in 2022. The document attributes the nation's political instability, economic bankruptcy, and humanitarian crisis to a neoliberal, undemocratic regime led by the Rajapaksa family, characterized by corruption, illegitimate debt accumulation, and failed environmental and agricultural policies.

This report introduces the concept of the bioeconomy as a strategic driver for sustainable economic growth in Eastern Africa, highlighting the region's reliance on biological resources and the launch of the East African Community Bioeconomy Strategy to catalyze innovative resource use.

This policy brief argues that Aid for Trade (A4T) is a critical tool for advancing sustainable development and addressing environmental crises. It proposes six pathways to 'green' A4T, emphasizing that developing countries and least developed countries (LDCs) must lead the prioritization of these resources to ensure a just and fair transition to a sustainable global economy.

The report analyzes the climate implications of the European Union's phaseout of Russian oil imports. It argues that while replacing Russian crude is complex due to refinery specifications, the EU has an opportunity to reduce supply-chain emissions by selecting lower-intensity alternatives and transitioning toward clean energy infrastructure.

This scoping paper by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the challenges and priorities for cities in decarbonizing the buildings sector to reach net zero carbon. It examines the drivers of building stock growth, technical mitigation solutions, and the financial instruments and policies required to scale these solutions, with specific deep dives into Nigeria and Indonesia.

This policy brief analyzes two public rural insurance programs in Brazil: the Agricultural Activity Guarantee Program (PROAGRO) and the Rural Insurance Premium Subsidy Program (PSR). The authors find that PROAGRO's design, where the government bears the risk while financial institutions operate the program, creates severe information asymmetries and moral hazard, leading to higher claim rates and increasing costs for the National Treasury. In contrast, the PSR, where private insurers bear the risk, shows greater efficiency and growth, though it struggles to reach small producers. The report recommends migrating resources from PROAGRO to the PSR, improving the training of claims adjusters, and adopting parametric insurance to reduce fraud and monitoring costs.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI/PUC-Rio) analyzes two Brazilian rural insurance programs: the Programa de Garantia da Atividade Agropecuária (Proagro) and the Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio do Seguro Rural (PSR). It examines how the design of these policies creates different incentives for producers, experts, and financial agents, arguing that Proagro's structure leads to higher information asymmetry and lower public spending efficiency compared to the PSR.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines fuel subsidies for marine fisheries in India, identifying them as the most significant form of government support for the sector. The document analyzes the distribution of these subsidies across focus states, their impact on sustainability and equity, and draws lessons from India's broader fossil fuel subsidy reforms to suggest paths for sustainable transition.

This policy brief examines fuel subsidies for marine fisheries in Indonesia, identifying them as the most consistent form of central government support. It highlights the risks these subsidies pose to marine sustainability and the socio-economic uncertainties regarding their benefit to small-scale fishers, while suggesting lessons from broader national fossil fuel subsidy reforms.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how Indonesia can reallocate fossil fuel subsidies and taxes to fund a green recovery and accelerate its energy transition. It proposes redirecting these funds toward renewable energy deployment, grid modernization, energy access in remote areas, and energy efficiency measures to meet national climate targets.

This report, commissioned by the British Embassy in Tallinn, evaluates Estonia's progress toward climate neutrality by 2050, building on a 2019 SEI study. While total greenhouse gas emissions fell from 18,687.4 kt CO2e in 2018 to 11,555.8 kt CO2e in 2020, the report identifies significant gaps in the energy, buildings, industry, LULUCF, transport, and agriculture sectors. Key challenges include a lack of incentives for non-residential building renovations, lagging wind energy investment, and the LULUCF sector transitioning from a carbon sink to an emitting sector in 2020.

A report by NITI Aayog and RMI analyzing the role of green hydrogen in India's energy transition, focusing on its potential to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors, enhance energy security, and contribute to net-zero goals.

This policy brief examines the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF) established under the Paris Agreement, focusing on the reporting requirements for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the challenges faced by developing countries, particularly in Africa, in meeting these standards by the 2024 deadline.

The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that the 'agreement in principle' to modernize the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) is insufficient for achieving international climate goals. The organization highlights that the revised treaty continues to protect fossil fuel investments and allows for investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) claims, potentially hindering governments' ability to implement environmental measures and meet Paris Agreement objectives.

This conclusion to a special report by the Institute for Security Studies outlines the structural and regulatory barriers hindering Tunisia's economic growth and proposes a series of comprehensive reforms across governance, labor, education, and resource management to achieve inclusive development by 2040.