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This briefing note by the Forum on Trade, Environment, & the SDGs (TESS) examines the intersection of international trade and the sustainable bioeconomy. It provides a typology of trade-related policy instruments—including price-based measures, economic incentives, and regulatory requirements—that governments can use to promote nature-positive economic growth. The document emphasizes the need for international cooperation, particularly through the G20, to align these policies, avoid trade frictions, and support low- and middle-income countries in their transition to a sustainable bioeconomy.

This report proposes a framework for 'International Mitigation Partnerships' (IMPs) to leverage Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and natural climate solutions, specifically within the forest and land sector, to bridge the global emissions gap by 2030.

This briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute introduces a typology framework designed to analyze trade-offs in decision-making regarding development and disaster risk reduction (DRR). It argues that while development is necessary to reduce vulnerability, poorly planned decisions can increase risk, creating a cycle where disasters destroy development investments. The document outlines five dimensions of trade-offs—aggregation, participation, equity, time, and risk—and demonstrates their application to the 'Build Back Better' concept to identify opportunities for transformative change in disaster recovery.

This research paper proposes a typology and design options for limits on the international transfer of "hot air"—emissions reductions that occur because a country's mitigation targets are higher than its projected emissions—to protect the environmental integrity of the Paris Agreement.

This briefing from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) presents a typology of five key trade-offs—power, equity, time, risk, and aggregation—that occur when making decisions about development and disaster risk reduction (DRR). The document argues that development often exacerbates disaster risks due to poor decision-making and proposes that understanding these trade-offs can help transform the relationship between development and DRR to build greater resilience, specifically applying this framework to the 'Building Back Better' approach to post-disaster recovery.

This research paper addresses gaps in city-scale climate change mitigation planning by providing a typology of emission-reduction technologies and practices, identifying supporting policies, and assessing their abatement potential for 2020 and 2050.

This research paper examines the rise of transnational organised crime (TCOs) as a global security threat, analyzing how globalisation and the erosion of state authority have facilitated the growth of criminal networks. It explores the relationship between TCOs and various state types—particularly weak and transitional states—and provides a typology of state roles in facilitating or combating illicit activities. The document details the operational characteristics of TCOs, including their use of ethnic networks and risk management strategies, and assesses the specific threats they pose to national security, financial systems, and human rights.

This fact sheet from Sustainable Energy for All outlines three strategic solutions for sustainable urban mobility and categorizes cities in Africa, Asia, and Latin America into four types based on their specific opportunities for energy and transport interventions.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute analyzes COVID-19 recovery packages from G20 countries to assess their alignment with the Paris Agreement. The authors developed a typology of policies and interventions to guide decision-makers toward a greener recovery, finding that most initial stimulus actions favored business-as-usual (BAU) investments over climate-resilient pathways.