INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS

The report argues that the world is falling short of the Paris Agreement's temperature goals and must prioritize international cooperation on forests. It introduces 'International Mitigation Partnerships' as a framework under Article 6 to channel finance and technical support toward natural climate solutions, specifically REDD+. The authors provide a three-part typology of these partnerships: Simple Recognition of Results, Bilateral Credit Transfer, and Multi-lateral Partnerships. The document emphasizes that such partnerships can lower the cost of climate action, support the international aviation sector's CORSIA obligations, and provide co-benefits for biodiversity and sustainable development.

• Natural climate solutions, including the forest and land sector, are among the lowest-cost mitigation strategies and could provide up to 37 percent of the cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed by 2030 to have a greater than 66 percent chance of limiting warming to below 2 degrees Celsius.
• Despite their potential, the forest and land sector has received only two percent of total climate finance.
• The report identifies three types of International Mitigation Partnerships: 'Simple Recognition of Results' (performance-based bilateral aid where reductions count toward the host country's NDC), 'Bilateral Credit Transfer' (where emissions reductions are transferred to a buyer country to meet its NDC), and 'Multi-lateral Partnership' (where demand and risk are pooled through an aggregator).
• The Norway-Brazil MOU serves as an example of a non-market arrangement where Norway provided funds to Brazil's Amazon Fund based on measurable reductions in deforestation, receiving certificates of contribution rather than ownership of emission credits.
• Japan's Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) illustrates a credit-based bilateral approach where Japan invests in low-carbon technologies abroad to receive emission reduction credits to apply toward its own targets.
• The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) Carbon Fund demonstrates a multi-lateral approach using pooled demand, with one tranche for compliance markets (Article 6.2) and another for immediate retirement by donors (Article 6.8).
• International Mitigation Partnerships could provide the high-quality forest emission reductions required for the international aviation sector's Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) from 2021 through 2035.

APA

Graham, P., & Movius, D. (2019). INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS. Forest Declaration Assessment. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf

Chicago

Graham, Peter, and Diana Movius. INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS. Forest Declaration Assessment, 2019. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Graham |first1=Peter |last2=Movius |first2=Diana |title=INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS |publisher=Forest Declaration Assessment |date=July 2019 |url=https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{graham2019international, author = {Graham, Peter and Movius, Diana}, title = {{INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS}}, institution = {Forest Declaration Assessment}, year = {2019}, month = jul, url = {https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }