INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS

This report proposes a framework for 'International Mitigation Partnerships' (IMPs) to leverage Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and natural climate solutions, specifically within the forest and land sector, to bridge the global emissions gap by 2030.

• Natural climate solutions, including the avoidance of deforestation and restoration of forests and agricultural lands, are among the lowest-cost mitigation strategies and could provide 37% of the cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed by 2030 to have a >66% chance of limiting warming to below 2°C.
• The report identifies a typology of three primary approaches for International Mitigation Partnerships for forests: Simple Recognition of Results (performance-based bilateral aid), Bilateral Credit Transfer (linking supply and demand for credits to meet NDCs), and Multi-lateral Partnerships (pooling demand and risk through an aggregator).
• The Norway-Brazil MOU serves as an example of a 'Simple Recognition of Results' approach, where Norway provided funds to Brazil's Amazon Fund based on measurable reductions in deforestation, receiving certificates of contribution rather than ownership of emission reduction credits.
• Japan's Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) exemplifies a 'Bilateral Credit Transfer' approach, where Japan invests in the ability of other countries to achieve mitigation in exchange for emission reduction credits to apply toward its own targets, including a REDD+ agreement in Cambodia.
• The Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) Carbon Fund is a multi-lateral partnership that pools demand from investors like the United States, Canada, and Germany, using a trustee to manage a registry and mitigate risk through a portfolio method.
• International Mitigation Partnerships can support the international aviation sector's Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA), which runs from 2021 through 2035, by providing a supply of high-quality forest emission reductions.
• Beyond climate mitigation, these partnerships can be designed to achieve co-benefits such as the conservation of biological diversity, the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the strengthening of trade relationships, such as the Canada-Mexico Partnership.

APA

Graham, P., & Movius, D. (2019). INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS. Forest Declaration Assessment. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf

Chicago

Graham, Peter, and Diana Movius. INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS. Forest Declaration Assessment, 2019. https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Graham |first1=Peter |last2=Movius |first2=Diana |title=INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS |publisher=Forest Declaration Assessment |date=July 2019 |url=https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{graham2019international, author = {Graham, Peter and Movius, Diana}, title = {{INTERNATIONAL MITIGATION PARTNERSHIPS FOR FORESTS}}, institution = {Forest Declaration Assessment}, year = {2019}, month = jul, url = {https://forestdeclaration.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/International-Mitigation-Partnerships-for-Forests-Goals-7-9-low-res.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }