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The report argues that credit rating agencies may be artificially inflating the value of companies contributing to global warming by failing to account for climate risks, potentially repeating the systemic underestimation of risk seen during the credit crisis.

This report provides an economic assessment of climate change impacts on Uganda's infrastructure sector, focusing on the costs of increasing resilience and the damages caused by extreme weather events. It estimates the additional costs for new construction and maintenance across residential, public, and transport infrastructure through 2050, while modeling the financial risks of floods and droughts based on historical data and future GDP projections.

This policy brief examines the risks climate change poses to large-scale hydropower infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa and the current lack of climate service integration in the planning process. It argues that while hydropower is critical for energy security, most projects rely on historical data that ignore future hydrological shifts, leaving long-lived assets vulnerable to failure or inefficiency.

The 'National Strategy for Adaptation of the Infrastructure and Energy Sector to Climate Change for 2017–2030' outlines Estonia's approach to ensuring the resilience of critical services against climate risks. The strategy focuses on technical support systems, buildings, transport, and energy security, aiming to maintain service availability during extreme weather events. With an estimated implementation cost of 1.3 billion euros through 2030, the document identifies key vulnerabilities in the electricity distribution network and coastal infrastructure while setting specific targets for energy efficiency and infrastructure reliability.

This executive summary describes a study commissioned by the Government of Nepal to assess the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture, hydroelectricity, and water-induced disasters. It estimates that current climate variability already costs Nepal 1.5% to 2% of its GDP annually, with future costs potentially adding another 2% to 3% of current GDP by mid-century.

This synthesis report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development proposes a commodity-by-commodity framework to assess sustainability risks and vulnerabilities for importers, specifically focusing on China's global resource needs. The report argues that China's reliance on inward supply chains exposes it to systemic risks—including natural hazards, local conflict, and resource nationalism—which are currently managed in a tactical rather than strategic manner.

This briefing note examines the vulnerability of Kenya's tourism sector to climate change, detailing specific environmental risks, economic impacts, and strategies for business adaptation and emission reduction to promote sustainable tourism.

This briefing note provides guidance for businesses in Kenya on how to assess and manage climate-related risks to build resilience and identify opportunities. It outlines the economic impacts of climate change on various sectors, provides examples of corporate adaptation strategies, and suggests a framework for climate-proofing business operations.

This executive summary distils findings from the IPCC's Fifth Assessment Report specifically for South Asia. It details observed climate changes, projected risks to food and water security, and the necessity of integrating adaptation and mitigation strategies into regional development to protect vulnerable populations and economic growth.

The 2014 Green Drop Progress Report, published by GreenCape, provides a national overview of wastewater treatment performance in South Africa. It utilizes the Progress Assessment Tool (PAT) to track the Cumulative Risk Rating (CRR) of municipal, public, and private wastewater treatment plants, highlighting a general trend of increasing risk across the sector between 2013 and 2014.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) submitted this 2014 Investor CDP Information Request detailing its internal climate change management, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the reporting period of October 1, 2012, to September 30, 2013, and its strategies for operational sustainability.

This report, commissioned by the UNDP and implemented by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), assesses climate risks for smallholder agriculture in Honduras. It identifies a high vulnerability to droughts, tropical storms, and floods, which threaten food security and national development goals. The report recommends a combination of local adaptive actions—such as improved water and soil management—and institutional reforms to mainstream climate risk into national agricultural policy.

This report, commissioned by the UNDP and implemented by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), assesses climate risks and risk management capacity within Nicaragua's health sector. It identifies a strong link between climate variability—specifically heavy rainfall, floods, and droughts—and the prevalence of water-borne and vector-borne diseases, exacerbated by systemic vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure.

This report, produced by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) for the UNDP, evaluates climate risks and management capacities within Nicaragua's health sector. It identifies a strong correlation between extreme weather events—such as floods and droughts—and the prevalence of waterborne and vector-borne diseases, while highlighting systemic vulnerabilities in water access, sanitation, and health infrastructure. The document recommends integrating climate risk management into national health policies and improving inter-institutional coordination to protect public health and achieve broader development goals.

This report, commissioned by the UNDP and implemented by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), assesses climate risks and risk management capacity in Peru, specifically focusing on the agricultural sector in the regions of Junín and Piura. It combines scientific data with community consultations to identify vulnerabilities and propose integrated strategies for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation.

This report, prepared by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) for the UNDP, evaluates climate risks and management capacities in Peru, with a specific focus on the agricultural sectors of the Junín and Piura regions. It analyzes the interaction between climate threats—such as El Niño, droughts, and frosts—and the vulnerability of rural populations, providing recommendations for integrated risk management and policy coordination.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute assesses three global mitigation pathways—the 1.5°C marker, the 2°C marker, and the G8 marker—against the carbon budgets provided in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (2013). The analysis concludes that only the highly ambitious 1.5°C pathway has a high probability of limiting global warming to below 2°C, while the 2°C and G8 pathways carry significantly higher risks of exceeding that threshold than previously estimated.

This report, produced by the Stockholm Environment Institute, the African Centre for Cities, and the City of Cape Town, examines the risks posed by climate change and rising sea levels to the Cape Town coastline. It advocates for a shift from traditional 'hard' engineering solutions toward a 'no regrets' approach centered on nature conservation and social-institutional fixes, specifically through the implementation of a coastal setback line to manage development and protect vulnerable ecosystems.

This fact sheet describes a 2013-2014 Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) project designed to analyze the risks associated with the "new fossil fuel economy," specifically new investments in extraction and trade infrastructure. The project aims to develop tools for supply-side GHG accounting and policy responses to prevent these investments from undermining climate stabilization and sustainable development goals.

The Arctic Resilience Interim Report 2013, an Arctic Council project, examines the interdependence of social and ecological systems in the Arctic. It advocates for a resilience framework to assess how rapid environmental and social changes interact, identify threshold risks, and build adaptive capacity for indigenous and non-indigenous populations.