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This working paper examines the value of temporary carbon storage and its impact on greenhouse gas accounting and biological offsets, utilizing social cost of carbon estimates from a 2010 U.S. government interagency working group.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute outlines opportunities for countries to strengthen their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by integrating a broader range of transport solutions based on the "Avoid-Shift-Improve" framework.

This briefing from the World Resources Institute examines the complexities of aligning Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with national net-zero targets, long-term, low-emissions development strategies (LT-LEDS), and the global 1.5°C goal, providing recommendations for the design of next-generation NDCs due in 2025.

This report examines the implementation of the Kyoto Protocol's Joint Implementation (JI) and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) flexibility mechanisms, drawing on the experiences of Central and Eastern European countries, specifically regarding Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ) launched in 1995.

This analysis by the World Resources Institute examines the tradeoffs between energy security and climate change in the context of U.S. energy policy, noting that addressing one without the other can lead to unintended consequences.

This report by the World Resources Institute analyzes the failure of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to systematically integrate climate change considerations into their strategies and project development, particularly within the energy sector.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute and Lepwe, Inc. provides a framework for the electrification of student transportation in Indian Country, focusing on the intersection of Tribal sovereignty, history, and legal structures to ensure a just transition to electric school buses (ESBs).

This research paper by the World Resources Institute examines options for establishing common time frames for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to operationalize the Paris Agreement, arguing for a five-year cycle with an optional ten-year indicator to enhance climate ambition and predictability.

This working paper by the World Resources Institute outlines the critical issues surrounding the negotiation of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which governs international cooperation through carbon markets. It emphasizes that the operationalization of accounting rules, additionality, and financial mechanisms will determine whether Article 6 enhances global climate ambition or weakens the environmental integrity of nationally determined contributions (NDCs).

This research paper examines the 2008 food crisis to analyze how complex crises impact vulnerable households in developing countries and how these households build adaptive capacity.

This research paper introduces the 'data loop' concept, describing a collaborative relationship between governments and the private sector to enhance greenhouse gas emissions data sharing to support national climate policies and Paris Agreement reporting requirements, with a focus on the Asia region.

This working paper examines the data and information requirements for effectively implementing national strategies to reduce forest emissions, with a specific focus on addressing illegal logging in Peru and Indonesia. It discusses the role of measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) within the context of REDD+ and other international climate financing frameworks.

This report by the World Resources Institute examines electricity sector reforms across six countries, arguing that these reforms are fundamentally issues of sustainable development. It finds that current reforms are primarily driven by financial concerns and donor conditions rather than social or environmental benefits.

This report examines the potential and challenges of implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a means to continue using coal for power generation while mitigating climate change impacts, specifically focusing on the technological, policy, legal, and investment hurdles of large-scale deployment.

This fact sheet by the World Resources Institute outlines how Pennsylvania can meet its Clean Power Plan (CPP) emission standards by expanding existing energy efficiency and renewable energy programs, optimizing the operation of natural gas and coal plants, and potentially adopting a market-based carbon pricing program.

This report examines the application of decentralized solar energy solutions to provide reliable electricity to community facilities in climate-vulnerable areas of India, emphasizing the need for climate-resilient design and implementation models.

This fact sheet by the World Resources Institute (WRI) analyzes how Illinois can utilize existing policies and infrastructure to reduce power plant CO2 emissions, estimating a potential 35 percent reduction below 2011 levels by 2020.

This briefing from the World Resources Institute outlines various policy tools for driving investment in renewable energy, matching specific instruments to the commercial maturity of the technology, from early-stage R&D to mature deployment.

This working paper by the Project for Advancing Climate Transparency (PACT) consortium maps the connections between the Paris Agreement's enhanced transparency framework and its other provisions to assist negotiators in developing the Agreement's 'rule book'.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute analyzes Japan's revised 2020 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction target, known as the "Warsaw Target," in the context of the post-Fukushima energy policy shift. The paper evaluates the target's ambition compared to previous pledges, the current policy landscape, and the likelihood of achieving the goal through electricity-saving efforts and existing mitigation policies.