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This technical explainer by RMI analyzes the voluntary carbon market (VCM) for ozone-depleting substances (ODS) recovery and destruction credits. It details how these projects provide high-additionality climate benefits by permanently destroying potent greenhouse gases like CFCs, while identifying significant logistical, legal, and technical barriers to scaling, particularly in developing nations.

This research paper describes the methodology and data sources for Consumption Compass 2.0, a tool developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute to help Swedish municipalities estimate and manage household consumption-based greenhouse gas emissions at a high spatial resolution.

This policy brief argues that the current reliance on a single 100-year metric for greenhouse gas emissions obscures the distinct warming impacts of methane and carbon dioxide. The author advocates for a "multi-basket" approach with separate targets and dual metrics to address both short-term and long-term climate risks, asserting that simultaneous mitigation of both pollutants is essential to meet global temperature targets and reduce climate overshoot.

Ember submitted a statement to Australia's Department of Climate Change, Energy, Environment and Water arguing that the Boggabri Coal Mine's Modification 10 proposal significantly underestimates fugitive emissions. Ember contends that the mine uses an unverified, decade-old emissions factor that is 95 times lower than state guidance, potentially under-reporting Scope 1 emissions by millions of tonnes, especially as the mine seeks to operate at greater depths.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the systemic underestimation of methane emissions in the oil and gas industry. It argues that the industry's reliance on 'component-by-component' estimation methods, often based on industry-led guidance like the API Compendium, fails to account for 'super-emitter' events and significantly diverges from independent measurements obtained via satellites and remote sensors.

Ember's submission to the Australian government argues that the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Scheme (NGERS) relies on inadequate state-based emissions factors for Queensland open cut coal mines. The document recommends phasing out 'Method 1' in favor of direct measurement and multi-input models to accurately capture methane variability and super-emitting events.

The World Resources Institute (WRI) produced this draft list to provide detailed guidance on the types of upfront information Parties may include when submitting their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) to enhance transparency, as referenced in paragraph 14 of the Lima Call for Climate Action.

This research paper argues that using land for bioenergy creates intense competition with food, feed, and carbon storage, potentially widening the global crop calorie gap. The authors contend that most bioenergy is land-inefficient compared to solar energy and that current greenhouse gas accounting often 'double counts' biomass, erroneously suggesting that bioenergy is carbon-free. The paper recommends phasing out bioenergy from dedicated land use and prioritizing biomass derived from true wastes.

This fact sheet describes a 2013-2014 Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) project designed to analyze the risks associated with the "new fossil fuel economy," specifically new investments in extraction and trade infrastructure. The project aims to develop tools for supply-side GHG accounting and policy responses to prevent these investments from undermining climate stabilization and sustainable development goals.

This report analyzes the effectiveness of climate finance, identifying a significant gap in the tools and methodologies used to measure the impact of funding flows to developing countries. It evaluates practices across public finance, international financial institutions (IFIs), and market-based instruments, concluding that current project-based evaluations are insufficient for the scale of financing required to meet the Cancún Agreements' target of $100 billion per year by 2020.

This guide by the World Resources Institute provides office- and retail-based companies with a framework for procuring renewable energy. It details the business case for switching to green power, explains three primary delivery options—retail programs, Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), and on-site generation—and offers strategies to minimize costs and account for greenhouse gas emissions.

This guide provides a technical deep dive into the Paris Agreement Rulebook's requirements for Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) mitigation, specifically focusing on Clarity, Transparency, and Understanding (CTU) and accounting methodologies.

This working paper examines the value of temporary carbon storage and its impact on greenhouse gas accounting and biological offsets, utilizing social cost of carbon estimates from a 2010 U.S. government interagency working group.

This guidebook provides instructions for technical staff on how to customize existing GHG Protocol calculation tools to better suit specific greenhouse gas programs or national and regional contexts.

This research paper by the World Resources Institute proposes greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting and reporting procedures for the agricultural sector, building upon the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard.

This report introduces the U.S. Public Sector Protocol, a tailored interpretation of the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard designed to help government organizations in the United States quantify and report greenhouse gas emissions.

This fact sheet introduces the GHG Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) and Product Life Cycle Standards, which expand the existing suite of international accounting tools to allow businesses to measure and report emissions across their entire value chain and product lifecycles.