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This document provides the technical annexes for a report on climate finance needs for agrifood systems. It details a taxonomy developed by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and describes two methodologies used to estimate finance needs: a top-down approach based on a literature review of third-party reports and a bottom-up approach based on the analysis of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

The RES Tracker Methodology V2 describes Ember's process for collecting and categorizing national renewable energy deployment ambitions for the power sector across 96 countries and the EU as of November 2024.

This technical note details the methodology used by the NewClimate Institute for the State of Climate Action series to identify sectors requiring transformation, establish 1.5°C-aligned global mitigation targets for 2030, 2035, and 2050, and select indicators to monitor annual progress in greenhouse gas emission reductions and carbon removal.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) outlines the methodology used to estimate 'bottom-up' climate finance needs, which are the financial requirements stated by countries in their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to reach national climate targets.

The 'General Guidance for Tracking Green Finance' provides a standardized framework for members of the International Development Finance Club (IDFC) and multilateral development banks (MDBs) to track and report financial flows related to climate mitigation, adaptation, and biodiversity. It establishes 'Common Principles' to ensure consistency, transparency, and accountability, moving away from a one-size-fits-all approach toward granular, project-component-based tracking.

The 'Sectoral Guidance for Tracking Green Finance' (October 2024), commissioned by the International Development Finance Club (IDFC) and produced by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and Trinomics, provides a technical framework for national and regional development banks to track climate and biodiversity finance. The guide applies 'Common Principles' across five priority sectors: energy, transport, water, agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) and fisheries, and the urban sector. It details eligibility criteria for mitigation, adaptation, and biodiversity activities, offering methodologies for ex-ante greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions assessments and financial quantification to ensure transparency and consistency in reporting.

The Responsible Agricultural Investment (RAI) Tool for Agribusiness is a management and reference tool developed by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Cerise+SPTF. It is designed to help agribusinesses, agricultural value-chain actors, and SMEs assess their compliance with internationally recognised responsible business practices, specifically aligning with the CFS-RAI Principles and IFC Performance Standards.

The Global Subnational Agricultural Production (GSAP) database, developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute, is the first standardized global database providing subnational agricultural production data for key crops. It aims to fill a critical information gap by collecting high-resolution data from national statistical offices to improve food security, climate adaptation, and agricultural research.

The Climate Bonds Resilience Taxonomy (CBRT) Methodology provides a science-based classification system and interim screening criteria to identify and scale investments that contribute to climate adaptation and resilience. It establishes a framework to distinguish between different types of resilience investments and ensures they provide a measurable reduction in vulnerability without causing maladaptation or significant harm to other sustainability goals.

The 'Electrification Data Methodology 2024 Overview' by Ember describes the technical framework used to quantify the impact of electrification in the road transport and residential heating sectors. The methodology focuses on calculating electricity demand, primary fossil fuel displacement, and emissions displaced, utilizing real-world data on vehicle stocks, heat pump deployment, and energy efficiency factors.

The Technical Annexes of the 2024 Forest Declaration Assessment provide the definitions, terminology, and methodologies used to track progress toward the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forests and Land Use. The document details how the assessment measures deforestation, forest degradation, restoration, and biodiversity impacts using satellite data and global indices, establishing a linear reduction pathway to reach zero deforestation by 2030.

The report defines carbon-neutral demonstration zones as tools for China's carbon-neutral transformation, proposing a planning methodology focused on zero-carbon industrial innovation and sharing best practices from the Meishan project.

This document describes the data collection methodology and definitions used by Ember to track national ambitions for renewable energy deployment in the power sector across 57 countries and the European Union, focusing on targets for 2030.

The Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) Methodology document describes the framework used by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) to assess how public and private financial institutions align their strategies and capital allocations with the goals of the Paris Agreement.

The Sustainability-Linked Bond Database Methodology, published by the Climate Bonds Initiative in June 2023, outlines the criteria and screening processes for including sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) in its database. The methodology focuses on decarbonisation, using a 'climate change mitigation overlay' to assess whether bonds are aligned with 1.5°C or below 2°C sectoral pathways. It defines specific requirements for instrument eligibility, public disclosure, and the calibration of Sustainability Performance Targets (SPTs), categorising bonds as Fully-aligned, Strongly-aligned, Aligning, or not-aligned based on their adherence to science-based pathways and transition plans.

This document outlines the methodology used by the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) to collect, screen, and maintain its Sustainability Linked Bonds (SLB) database. The methodology focuses on the 'decarbonization' attributes of debt instruments, evaluating whether their sustainability performance targets (SPTs) align with a 1.5°C warming scenario or the best available alternative paths.

This report introduction by Ember argues that high-quality, open power sector data is essential for accelerating the transition from coal to clean electricity in Asia. It outlines the region's significant role in global emissions and the current challenges in accessing granular, up-to-date data, while detailing the methodology used to evaluate data transparency across 39 Asian economies.

This report describes an Excel-based cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model developed by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Queensland Reconstruction Authority (QRA). The model is designed to evaluate 'betterment' road infrastructure projects in Queensland, Australia, by quantifying not only direct avoided reconstruction costs but also indirect social, economic, and environmental 'non-road' benefits to determine the total societal value of resilience investments.

The Aluminum Emission Reporting Guidance, published by RMI in April 2023, provides a standardized methodology for aluminum producers to report greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the product level. The guide aims to increase transparency and enable the development of a market for low-carbon aluminum by establishing fixed system boundaries and requiring the use of primary data to ensure comparability across the supply chain.

This document outlines the methodology used by Ember for its Coal Mine Methane Emissions Tracker datatool, specifically detailing how confidence scores are assigned to national coal mine methane (CMM) emissions reported to the UNFCCC.