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The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) developed an evolved methodology to track 'attacks on science'—defined as political interference in federal science—starting in January 2025. The system combines automated R scripts for RSS feed collection and keyword filtering with human content analysis to categorize attacks by type, topic, and stage of completion. The methodology aims to systematically capture a comprehensive breadth of attacks in perpetuity, including those that are only threatened, to document their chilling effects on the federal scientific enterprise.

The Climate Bonds Initiative has developed an Equivalence Methodology to reduce market fragmentation caused by the proliferation of over 65 national and regional sustainable finance taxonomies. The methodology provides a technical framework to determine if externally developed activity-level and measures-level criteria are 'equivalent' to Climate Bonds' science-based standards. Criteria deemed equivalent will be integrated into the Climate Bonds Taxonomy and its Standard & Certification Scheme, creating a single reference point for global capital flows. The process involves screening for alignment with temperature goals, scientific robustness, and governance transparency, with a specific distinction between criteria applicable globally versus those limited to a specific local jurisdiction.

The document serves as a practical manual for identifying carbon projects within a specific country and evaluating their project documents. It explains the differences between Article 6.2 (decentralised), Article 6.4 (centralised), Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCM), and REDD+ programs. The guide directs users to specific digital tools—such as the UNEP Article 6 pipeline platform, the UC Berkeley Voluntary Registry Offsets Database, and the REDD+ Web Platform—to find project data. It also provides a framework for analysing project documents, focusing on geographic scope, actor roles, timelines, methodologies, and benefit-sharing arrangements, while highlighting industry quality criteria like additionality, leakage, and permanence.

The report details a framework for assessing climate risks to India's power sector, distinguishing between chronic stresses (e.g., temperature, drought) and acute extremes (e.g., floods, cyclones). It introduces the Asset-Specific Climate Risk Factor (ACRF) for spatial screening and Expected Annual Impact (EAI)—measured as Expected Annual Loss (EAL) for generation and Energy Not Served (ENS) for networks—to quantify operational disruptions in MWh. The methodology includes a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) framework to evaluate the economic viability of resilience measures by comparing investment costs against avoided energy losses and repair expenditures.

The document provides a technical annex detailing how the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) calculated the energy, economic, and emissions profiles of nine major Indian state-owned enterprises for FY 2024–25. It specifies the PSUs covered—including Coal India Limited, NTPC, and ONGC—and explains the methodology for estimating Scope 3 emissions, energy flows, and progress toward net-zero and renewable energy targets.

The document details the technical processes Ember uses to track coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, including how it fills historical data gaps using emission intensity factors and forecasts future emissions based on IEA production data. It outlines a confidence scoring system (0-6) for national reporting based on recency, similarity to independent estimates, and methodology robustness. Additionally, it explains how Ember calculates the proportion of surface versus underground mining and the percentage of hard coal production associated with satellite-detected methane plumes.

The research design for 'State Futures in the Global South' integrates the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), expert workshops, horizon scanning, and a four-scenario framework to analyze governance outcomes. The methodology involves benchmarking governance performance across six dimensions and incorporating regional perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia to validate scenario assumptions and identify emerging risks.

The methodology establishes a framework for the 'integrated replacement' of fossil-fuel generators (such as diesel or natural gas gensets and mini-grids) with greenfield renewable energy systems (RES), including solar PV, wind, and hydro. It mandates the permanent decommissioning of the baseline system and the implementation of a Just Transition Plan to protect affected workers and consumers. Emission reductions are calculated by comparing the RES output against a baseline of historical or default fossil fuel emissions, adjusted downward over time via a Downward Adjustment Factor (DAF) to align with national Net Zero trajectories. The framework includes detailed requirements for demonstrating additionality, accounting for embodied emissions from RES manufacturing, and managing reversal risks if the RES fails. A voluntary annex also allows for the quantification of avoided black carbon and PM2.5 emissions.

The document describes the methodology for a tool that catalogs sustainable financial instruments in Brazil, including public programs, constitutional funds, and blended finance initiatives. It details the inclusion criteria, the classification structure for beneficiaries based on annual gross revenue, and provides a technical glossary of financial and environmental terms used in the database.

The Climate Bonds Green Bond Dataset (GBD) applies a science-based, independent screening process to labelled green bonds to determine their environmental credibility. Rather than relying on issuer claims or regulatory compliance, the GBD uses the Climate Bonds Criteria and an internal screening library to classify bonds as 'Aligned', 'Not aligned', or 'Pending'. The methodology specifically excludes activities that risk 'carbon lock-in', such as fossil fuel infrastructure, and treats non-alignment or data gaps as diagnostic signals of market shortcomings.

The Global Coal Plant Tracker (GCPT) monitors coal-fired electrical generating plants of 30 MW or larger, including operating units, those proposed since 2010, and those retired since 2000. The methodology employs a two-level system consisting of a database for unit-level tracking and detailed wiki pages for project histories. Data is validated through government records, company reports, NGO tracking, and on-the-ground contacts, with updates occurring bi-annually in January and July. The tracker categorizes plant status into nine stages, ranging from 'Announced' to 'Retired', and calculates carbon dioxide emissions based on unit capacity, emission factors for coal types, heat rates for combustion technology, and global average utilization rates.

The annex outlines the framework for mapping public financial flows in India's energy sector from FY 2014 to FY 2024. It details new subsidies for electric vehicles, biofuels, and solar energy, while revising methodologies for coal and LPG support. The document also establishes a system for quantifying government receipts and the social and environmental costs of energy, including carbon pricing and health-related externalities.

The document details a multi-component methodology to evaluate 30 major asset managers from the US and Europe. It assesses their policies on restricting new fossil fuel investments, their holdings in bonds issued by fossil fuel developers between January 2024 and June 2025, and their 2025 proxy voting behavior at annual general meetings. The methodology employs a color-coded system (Red, Orange/Yellow, Light Green, Green) to categorize the level of commitment and alignment with climate goals across five specific criteria, including board re-elections and executive remuneration votes.

The report outlines a systematic approach to estimating bottom-up climate finance needs by extracting data from 167 NDCs. It distinguishes bottom-up needs—finance required by countries to reach national targets—from top-down needs, which are derived from predictive models for 1.5°C pathways. The methodology involves standardizing diverse data on sector classification, timeframes, and currency (converting to 2023 USD), while categorizing finance as unconditional (domestic) or conditional (international). The document acknowledges significant data gaps, noting that less than half of the reviewed NDCs provide fully costed needs, and that current bottom-up estimates are insufficient to align with a net-zero pathway.

The Net Zero Finance Tracker (NZFT) Methodology 2025 describes a framework for assessing the Paris Agreement alignment of 1,500 global financial institutions, representing approximately USD 286 trillion in assets. The methodology employs a three-dimensional approach—Targets, Implementation, and Impact—using a mix of qualitative tiered scoring and quantitative metrics. Key updates for 2025 include expanded institutional coverage, the integration of new frameworks such as the TPT and OECD, and the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for primary data extraction from corporate reports. The document details how the NZFT tracks mitigation targets, climate risk management, and financial flows to clean energy and fossil fuels, while introducing an ownership attribution approach to link financial holdings to real-economy emissions and physical risks.

The document outlines the technical framework for the Europe Electricity Interconnection Data Tool, detailing how Ember maps Bidding Zones to countries and calculates key metrics like Net Transfer Capacity (NTC) and variable RES penetration. It specifies the use of ENTSO-E and TYNDP 2024 data to provide current (2024) and future (2030, 2040) snapshots of European grid characteristics, including 'Reference', 'Projects', and 'Needs' scenarios for grid expansion.

The document details the methodology used to quantify investment risks (governance, financing, physical climate, market, infrastructure, and nature) and attributes (horizon, ticket size, and return) for livestock in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It establishes a scoring system to match these risks with the risk tolerances of various public and private investors, while modeling how different finance and policy strategies (IFS and IFPS) could improve investor suitability. The analysis distinguishes between small-scale farms (2-10 hectares) and large-scale commercial farms (10+ hectares) across Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and the rest of LAC, noting that small farms are primarily served by public and concessional finance, whereas large farms have better access to commercial private finance.

The report details a framework of seven indicators designed to evaluate how well non-Annex I countries communicate climate finance needs and strategies in their NDCs to attract private and international capital. The methodology employs a graduated scoring system from 'absent' to 'strong' to measure the 'investability' of these documents. As of May 31, 2025, the framework was applied to 18 non-Annex I parties, comparing their most recent submissions with previous ones to track progress in financial transparency and planning.

The document outlines a comprehensive framework for tracking global climate finance, focusing on real-economy investments in mitigation, adaptation, and dual-benefit activities. It defines a multi-layered taxonomy covering finance origins (domestic, international, indeterminate), actors (public, private, third-sector), and financial instruments. The methodology emphasizes a conservative approach to avoid double counting and carbon lock-in, utilizing a mix of primary project-level data and secondary market-sizing benchmarks from sources like the IEA and BNEF. Key 2025 updates include the integration of Luxembourg Green Exchange bond data, a new project-level hydrogen investment dataset, and the first-time inclusion of 2- and 3-wheeler electric vehicle sales in China and India.

The report details the methodological framework for identifying 'attacks on science' (AOS), defined as actions by elected officials or political appointees that result in the censoring, manipulation, or misinforming of scientific data. It describes the use of human coding for news articles, analysis of federal funding data from USASpending.gov, and tracking of federal advisory committee terminations. The methodology specifically addresses the tracking of federal workforce cuts, the impact of Clean Air Act exemptions on overburdened communities using spatial buffers, and the monitoring of federal environmental webpages via the Environmental Data and Governance Initiative (EDGI).