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A research paper analyzing climate change adaptation plans in two Andean mountain water tower regions, arguing that these plans often reinforce existing hydrosocial disparities and exclude marginalized groups.

This research paper evaluates Land-Atmosphere (L-A) interaction patterns in southeastern South America (SESA) by comparing satellite products (AMSRE-LPRM and MODIS) with climate and land surface models. The study confirms SESA as a significant L-A interaction hotspot, particularly within the Pampas ecoregion, and finds that these interactions are more intense and spatially extensive during dry summers compared to wet summers.

This research paper uses the JULES dynamic land surface model and the INFERNO fire module to analyze the impact of the 2015/16 El Niño event on global fire activity, burned areas, and carbon sinks, comparing observed conditions against mean climatological drivers.

This research paper uses a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate vulnerability and institutional capacities regarding extreme rainfall events (EREs) in three Latin American coastal localities, focusing on the relationship between socio-economic indicators, legal frameworks, and citizen participation.

This report by the Climate Bonds Initiative evaluates the current state of net-zero disclosures among global banks, identifying significant gaps in comparability, scope, and alignment with 1.5°C pathways. Based on a stocktake of reference studies and an analysis of five Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs), the report argues that current claims of net-zero alignment often lack the necessary transparency and ambition to effectively support the energy transition.

This research paper examines how 'riskification' influences climate change adaptation (CCA) in four European cities, arguing that technocratic risk management often depoliticizes climate risks and obstructs transformative societal change.

The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025 evaluates 63 countries and the European Union, representing 90% of global emissions, across emissions, renewables, and climate policy. While renewable energy shares have increased in 61 of the 64 assessed entities over the last five years, the report finds that many high-emitting nations continue to rely on fossil fuels, leaving the top three overall ranks vacant.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) and Break Free from Plastics (BFFP) provides a streamlined comparison between the Chair's third Non-Paper and the Compilation draft text for the future international legally binding instrument on plastic pollution. The document synthesizes these two sources to facilitate discussions at the fifth intergovernmental negotiating committee (INC-5), highlighting critical omissions in the Non-Paper and presenting various textual options for the treaty's articles, including those on product design, chemicals of concern, and financial mechanisms.

The International Platform Sustainable Finance (IPSF) Common Ground Taxonomy (CGT) Instruction Report (November 2024) provides a technical comparison between the sustainable finance taxonomies of the European Union (EU) and China. The report identifies areas of commonality and divergence to enhance the interoperability of green finance standards, aiming to reduce trans-boundary costs for green investments and scale up international green capital mobilization.

This project report describes 'GovernAgua', an initiative (2019–2022) funded with USD 200,000 to improve water governance in South America. The project focuses on shifting from reactive responses to adaptive and anticipatory governance by strengthening capacities for co-creation of knowledge and adaptation across six river basins in Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.

This report provides a comparative analysis of how central banks manage physical climate risks, offering a phased roadmap for the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It examines case studies from six central banks—Banco Central do Brasil, Bank of England, Bank Negara Malaysia, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Hong Kong Monetary Authority, and South African Reserve Bank—to identify common challenges in data availability, technical capacity, and modelling. The document emphasizes a 'phased approach' and the 'principle of proportionality' to help regulated entities (REs) build capabilities before implementing mandatory capital requirements or reporting standards.

This policy brief by Transforma analyzes the feasibility and requirements for Colombia, Argentina, Brazil, and Chile to contribute to the global goals of tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling energy efficiency rates by 2030, as established during COP 28. Using the EnergyScope modeling tool, the document evaluates various scenarios to determine the most cost-effective paths for each country to transition their electrical matrices while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

This executive summary by Transforma analyzes the feasibility of meeting global targets to triple renewable energy capacity and double energy efficiency by 2030 in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Chile. The study finds that for Brazil, Colombia, and Chile, a literal tripling of 2022 capacity would exceed projected energy demand, whereas for Argentina, it could meet demand but is deemed unfeasible due to the extreme infrastructure and market shifts required to move from a 37.4% to a 90% renewable share in six years.

This research paper examines how energy network regulation in the UK can be adapted to manage uncertainties associated with net zero climate policy, utilizing theories of adaptive regulation and lessons from other sectors.

This report by Ember analyzes the performance of coal-fired power plants in Türkiye, concluding that domestic coal plants fail to provide reliable baseload electricity due to low efficiency, high failure rates, and low capacity factors. The study highlights that coal generation reached a record 118 TWh in 2023, contributing 20% of the country's total emissions, and argues for an accelerated transition to renewable energy to meet climate targets and reduce economic losses.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes how currency risk—specifically the mismatch between hard-currency debt and local-currency revenues—inhibits climate finance in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It evaluates standard hedging tools and five innovative models designed to lower the cost of capital and deepen local financial markets to catalyze international private investment.

This executive summary, based on the report 'X-Change: The Race to the Top', analyzes the global competition between China, Europe, and the United States to lead the energy transition. It highlights China's current dominance in cleantech manufacturing, innovation, and electrification, while noting that the United States and Europe are beginning to increase their investments to catch up.

This report by Ember examines the risks associated with a proposed shift in Australia's emissions reporting for open-cut coal mines, moving from state-based average emission factors (Method 1) to unverified company-led estimates (Method 2). The analysis of ten mines suggests that this shift allows companies to significantly under-report fugitive methane emissions, potentially erasing millions of tonnes of CO2-e from the national inventory without actual mitigation.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) discusses the integration of sustainability and energy efficiency into the reconstruction of Ukraine's building sector, drawing on lessons from post-disaster recoveries in Bosnia and Croatia.

This report by Ember analyzes global electricity generation trends in 2023 across solar, wind, coal, gas, hydro, nuclear, and bioenergy. It highlights record growth in solar and wind, a slight increase in coal generation driven by droughts in China, and the gap between current growth rates and the IEA Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario requirements.